Background. Phase I of this study was aimed at comparing the profiles of oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with history of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), previously treated with surgery, to the healthy subjects. Phase II aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementary antioxidant therapy on the levels of biomarkers in the case group. Materials and Methods. In Phase I, oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in blood samples obtained from 24 healthy subjects and 60 patients with history of NMSC previously treated with surgery. In Phase II, the 60 patients with history of NMSC were randomized into two subgroups, one receiving placebo (n = 34) and the other (n = 26) receiving vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc supplementation for 8 weeks, followed by reevaluation of biomarkers. Results. In Phase I, patients with history of NMSC showed increased plasma concentrations of all biomarkers, but only 15-F2t-isoprostane was significantly higher than in the healthy subjects. Risk of NMSC increased by 4% for each additional 1 pg/mL increase in 15-F2t-isoprostane. In Phase II, supplementation did not significantly reduce levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. Conclusion. Patients with history of NMSC had significantly high 15-F2t-isoprostane plasma levels; supplementation did not result in significant reduction of oxidative stress biomarkers. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (ID NCT02248584).

The frequency of CINV was high. There was no association between nausea/vomiting and overall QOL.

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in the treatment of several solid tumours. For patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in whom surgery is contraindicated, treatment with high-dose cisplatin administered every 21 days for 3 cycles concomitantly with conventional radiotherapy is recommended [1][2][3].Its anticancer mechanism is mediated by DNA binding, which leads to the formation of inter-and intrastrand crosslinks and results in defective DNA templates, arrest of DNA synthesis and replication, DNA damage and, finally, cell death [4]. In addition, cisplatin accumulates in human cells (normal and tumour cells) resulting in enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which leads to mitochondrial damage and dysfunction [5,6]. In addition, there is a decrease in the antioxidant defence system mediated primarily by links formed between cisplatin and glutathione, which culminates in the depletion of glutathione [7]. The excessive generation of ROS and RNS damages biomolecules, resulting in lipid, protein and DNA/RNA oxidation and causing toxicities including nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, ototoxicity and hepatotoxicity [8][9][10][11]. The intensity of biomolecular damage can be determined by oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers. In this study, we used malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid hydroperoxides, which are indicators of lipid peroxidation/ oxidative stress biomarkers and nitrite, a nitrosative stress biomarker.Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy and conventional radiotherapy on urinary levels of MDA, lipid hydroperoxides and nitrite biomarkers in patients with head and neck cancer. Material and MethodsThis was a prospective study conducted from January 2013 to November 2013 at the oncology clinic of a public teaching hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The research ethics committee of the institution approved the study, and all patients signed a consent form authorizing the use of their data.Patients and treatment characteristics. All patients were diagnosed with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck by a biopsy and were administered antineoplastic treatment with high-dose cisplatin (80 or 100 mg/m 2 ) with concomitant conventional radiotherapy as a therapeutic regimen. Patients who had undergone previous treatments for their tumours (surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy), or who refused to participate in the study, were excluded. Patients were dropped from the study if their treatment regimen changed before the study commenced, if they died or abandoned the treatment, or if complete oxidative stress data were not available (biomarkers or measurement times).The treatment regimen consisted of 3 cycles of chemotherapy with high-dose cisplatin (80 or 100 mg/m 2 ) on days 1, 22 and 43. Concomitantly with the chemotherapy, patients received a total dose of 70 Gy of radiation therapy divided into 35 daily applications of 2 Gy administered 5 days per w...

The increase in the hydrolysed form of cisplatin found in brand B may be the cause of the hypersensitivity reaction observed in a subset of patients. We present the first study of the quality of drugs by high-resolution ESI-(+)-MS. Drug regulatory agencies and manufacturers should consider including measurement of hydrolysed cisplatin as a quality criterion for cisplatin formulations.