Vaginal clindamycin did not decrease the rate of preterm deliveries or peripartum infections, but recurrent or persistent BV increased the risk for these complications.

The diagnostic value of vaginal sonography in combination with a discriminatory serum hCG level of 1000 iu/l (International Refercnce Prcparation) was tcsted prospectively in 200 pregnant women suspected of having an cctopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed in 68 women (34%,), a miscarriage in 56 (28%) and a normal pregnancy in 76 (38%). On admission, an intrauterinc sac was sccn in 89% of the intrauterinc pregnancies, but in none of the ectopic prcgnancics. Dctection of an adnexal mass separate from the ovaries was diagnostic of ectopic pregnancy with a sensitivity of 93%. a specificity of C '~~U C C~/ 95,1153-1156. 96,389-396.

Objective To compare the serum levels of gonadotrophins and androgens, as well as ovarian morphology, in 50 women with a history of recurrent miscarriage and in 20 healthy controls. Design Prospective study on women with a history of at least three consecutive miscarriages in Department I and II of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Central Hospital of Helsinki, Finland. Results The recurrent miscarriage group as a whole exhibited gonadotrophin and androgen levels comparable to those seen in the controls. Ultrasound examination revealed polycystic ovaries (PCO) in 22 patients (44%) and in four control women (20%, P=0.06) but no differences in the levels of gonadotrophins and androgens emerged between the patients with or without PCO. During follow up, 33 (66%) women with a history of recurrent miscarriage who became pregnant; 16 miscarried again (48.5%), whereas 17 (51.5%) succeeded. The presence of PCO did not predict miscarriage, but the patients who miscarried had higher levels of total testosterone, free testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate than RSA women with continuing pregnancies. Conclusions PCO and hyperandrogenism may be associated with repeated miscarriage.

Objectives To describe the sonographic features of paraovarian cysts and to compare these features with pathological findings in order to define the best treatment options (surgical vs. conservative).Methods Fifty patients (mean age 48 (range, 14-68) years), each with a surgically proven paraovarian cyst, were retrospectively recruited. Preoperative transvaginal ultrasonographic B-mode and power Doppler observations were re-evaluated and histological reports were analyzed. Results All cysts were correctly diagnosed as paraovarian at preoperative transvaginal sonography (TVS). Paraovarian cysts appeared as unilocular ('simple') cysts in 33 (66%) cases and multilocular in two (4%). In 15 patients (30%) the cyst showed a variable number of papillary projections growing from the cyst wall (unilocular-solid cysts). Power Doppler examination of the papillae showed the presence of blood vessels in four of these patients (27%

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