The border cities of San Diego and Tijuana have experienced increasing crossborder economic, social and political relationships that have brought about the need for increasing governance of regional cross-border issues. Cross-border public, private and nonprofit organizations have emerged on both sides of the border. The cross-border cooperation and governance in the San Diego-Tijuana region has promoted both the infrastructure and economic projects that have been required by different public and private organizations. The economic organizations that are considered incumbents are trying to develop a strategic action field in the area of cross-border economic activity. Challengers are represented by organizations looking to encourage educational, cultural and ecological cooperation and are considered actors interacting in an emerging field. Both incumbents and challengers have yet to develop more extensive networks in order to have greater influence in the region.

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International audienceThis paper seeks to revisit the notion of ‘secondary foreign policy’ through the analysis of cross-border governance in the US–Canada Pacific Northwest border region. Although pro-open border organizations in this borderland support secondary foreign policy principles, they collectively need to adjust them, due to the increasing border securitization on the Canada–US border. In other words, the militarization of the border should not affect mutually beneficial cross-border interactions and relations. Using Neil Fligstein and Doug McAdam’s ‘field theory’, this paper analyses how the field of cross-border governance in the Pacific Northwest tends to evolve in a new geopolitical context after 9/11, in which free trade and cross-border flows are subjected to growing ‘primary foreign policy’ security imperatives. The specific focus on two cross-border organizations reveals how primary and secondary foreign policy actors seek to work on joint cross-border projects, in spite of contrasting interests and steady blind spots

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