RESUMENLa nanotecnología es una ciencia multidisciplinar que está teniendo un gran auge en la actualidad, ya que proporciona productos con nuevas propiedades fisicoquímicas muy atractivas para multitud de aplicaciones. En la industria agroalimentaria, la nanotecnología brinda grandes oportunidades para la obtención de productos y aplicaciones innovadoras para la agricultura y la ganadería, el tratamiento de las aguas y la producción, elaboración, conservación y envasado de los alimentos. Para ello, se utilizan una gran diversidad de nanomateriales, que van desde metales y óxidos de metales inorgánicos a nanomateriales orgánicos que llevan ingredientes bioactivos. Esta revisión muestra una visión global de las actuales y futuras aplicaciones de la nanotecnología en la industria agroalimentaria. Los aditivos alimentarios y los materiales en contacto con los alimentos son actualmente las principales aplicaciones, mientras que se espera que en un futuro sean en el campo de los nanoencapsulados y de los nanocompuestos, en aplicaciones como nuevos alimentos, aditivos, biocidas, pesticidas y materiales en contacto con alimentos.
Microcapsules of sugarcane bagasse lignin loaded with organic extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) were prepared and evaluated as potential bioinsecticides. Lignins were extracted and modified by oxidation and acetylation reactions providing different biopolymers. Afterwards, they were characterized through several analytical techniques. The formulations were initially prepared as colloidal suspension of lignin nanoparticles, which were then spraydried. The products were submitted to quality control protocols using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thermal and photochemical degradation studies, followed by biological assays against Spodoptera frugiperda and Diatraea saccharalis. The formulations showed increases in both thermal and photo stability of approximately 40% compared with control samples. All the formulated microparticles were efficient against the insects evaluated and required a shorter time to achieve 100% mortality than the controls. The use of sugarcane bagasse lignins to prepare microparticles improved the resistance of neem extracts against abiotic factors, retaining the biological activity of this biopesticide.
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