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RESUMENLa nanotecnología es una ciencia multidisciplinar que está teniendo un gran auge en la actualidad, ya que proporciona productos con nuevas propiedades fisicoquímicas muy atractivas para multitud de aplicaciones. En la industria agroalimentaria, la nanotecnología brinda grandes oportunidades para la obtención de productos y aplicaciones innovadoras para la agricultura y la ganadería, el tratamiento de las aguas y la producción, elaboración, conservación y envasado de los alimentos. Para ello, se utilizan una gran diversidad de nanomateriales, que van desde metales y óxidos de metales inorgánicos a nanomateriales orgánicos que llevan ingredientes bioactivos. Esta revisión muestra una visión global de las actuales y futuras aplicaciones de la nanotecnología en la industria agroalimentaria. Los aditivos alimentarios y los materiales en contacto con los alimentos son actualmente las principales aplicaciones, mientras que se espera que en un futuro sean en el campo de los nanoencapsulados y de los nanocompuestos, en aplicaciones como nuevos alimentos, aditivos, biocidas, pesticidas y materiales en contacto con alimentos.

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Digital pathology and image analysis potentially provide greater accuracy, reproducibility and standardisation of pathology‐based trial entry criteria and endpoints, alongside extracting new insights from both existing and novel features. Image analysis has great potential to identify, extract and quantify features in greater detail in comparison to pathologist assessment, which may produce improved prediction models or perform tasks beyond manual capability. In this article, we provide an overview of the utility of such technologies in clinical trials and provide a discussion of the potential applications, current challenges, limitations and remaining unanswered questions that require addressing prior to routine adoption in such studies. We reiterate the value of central review of pathology in clinical trials, and discuss inherent logistical, cost and performance advantages of using a digital approach. The current and emerging regulatory landscape is outlined. The role of digital platforms and remote learning to improve the training and performance of clinical trial pathologists is discussed. The impact of image analysis on quantitative tissue morphometrics in key areas such as standardisation of immunohistochemical stain interpretation, assessment of tumour cellularity prior to molecular analytical applications and the assessment of novel histological features is described. The standardisation of digital image production, establishment of criteria for digital pathology use in pre‐clinical and clinical studies, establishment of performance criteria for image analysis algorithms and liaison with regulatory bodies to facilitate incorporation of image analysis applications into clinical practice are key issues to be addressed to improve digital pathology incorporation into clinical trials.

The structure of the glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) from Trypanosoma cruzi complexed with chalepin, a natural product from Pilocarpus spicatus, has been determined by X-ray crystallography to 1.95 A î resolution. The structure is in the apo form without cofactors in the subunits of the tetrameric gGAPDH in the asymmetric unit. Unequivocal density corresponding to the inhibitor was clearly identified in one monomer. The final refined model of the complex shows extensive conformational changes when compared with the native structure. The mode of binding of chalepin to gGAPDH and its implications for inhibitor design are discussed. ß