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Normally the gall bladder is devoid of lymphoid tissue; however, it has been suggested that MALT lymphomas may occur secondary to chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis or bacterial infection based on similar mechanism as described previously in the stomach and conjunctiva. Surgical resection is considered curative if the disease is localised only to the gall bladder.

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Gene amplification is a common genetic abnormality in many types of cancers and has been implicated in playing important roles in cancer development. The most common types of amplified genes are oncogenes and drug-resistance genes. For example, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene amplification, occurring in about 10-30% of breast cancer cases, is strongly associated with aggressive tumor progression and poor prognosis. HER2 also presents an effective therapeutic target, and several HER2 targeting agents have been approved for treatment of HER2 positive breast cancer by FDA. Analysis of HER2 gene amplification is important not only in selecting right patients for HER2 targeting agents but also monitoring the response to therapy and predicting clinical outcomes. Currently, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis are standard testing approaches for HER2 gene amplification. However, the challenge for these methodologies is that HER2 gene amplification is less quantitative, especially with some samples whose HER2/CEP17 ratio fall into equivocal range, and the workflow is labor intensive. We have developed digital PCR (dPCR) technology on the QuantStudio™ 3D Digital PCR System and quantify gene copy numbers from zero to eight with high accuracy and precision. We analyzed FFPE samples for HER2 gene amplification and our data show that dPCR provides a robust and quantitative detection, simple workflow and a quick turn around time. This study demonstrate that dPCR quantitation of gene amplification could potentially be used to study any loci that are amplified in cancer. Citation Format: Kelly Li, Devin Do, Patricia Hegerich, Bruno Ping, David Keys, Nivedita Majumdar, Stephen Jackson, Francisco Cifuentes, Caifu Chen. Quantitation of HER2 gene amplification using digital PCR. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1521. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1521

Abstract:Background: Follicular lymphoma in situ (FLIS) is characterized by the presence of germinal centers that strongly express BCL-2 protein and germinal center markers CD10 and BCL-6, although most of the remaining lymph node shows a pattern of follicular hyperplasia, in the absence of interfollicular infiltration. Here, we present five cases of FLIS and discuss their presentation and pathological identification in a wide variety of clinical settings. Materials and Methods: The present study includes five cases of FLIS diagnosed in the department of surgical pathology over a period of three years (2010 to 2013). The clinical data and the follow-up information were obtained from the medical records. Results: The present study included three male and two female patients with an age range of 46-72 years. One case of FLIS was associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), while in two cases this was an incidental finding associated with other non-lymphoid malignancies. Conclusion: FLIS has a very low rate of progression to clinically significant follicular lymphoma (FL), and the management strategy recommended is to watch and wait. However, some cases may develop into full blown FL and also many non-FL lymphoid malignancies have been seen associated with it. Hence, a staging workup is strongly advocated by many authors for FLIS. ollicular lymphoma (FL) comprises approximately 20% of all lymphomas and shows presence of the t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation in approximately 85% of cases. Normal germinal centers within lymphoid tissue lack BCL-2 and immunohistochemistry for this marker is valuable for diagnosis of FL. In 2002, follicular lymphoma in situ (FLIS) was defined as abnormal expression of BCL-2 confined to germinal centers and associated with preserved follicular architecture, residual reactive germinal centers and without any evidence of disseminated disease [1,2] . Diagnosis of FLIS requires a high degree of clinical and diagnostic suspicion and it is usually diagnosed as an incidental finding. Here we present five cases of FLIS and discuss their presentation and behavior. Materials and methodsThe present study includes five cases of FLIS diagnosed in the department of surgical pathology over a period of three years (2010 to 2013) from a wide range of in-house surgical major cancer resection specimens as well as F