Resumo: Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho caracterizar a fitossociologia de um fragmento de floresta nativa no município de Caroebe/RR, Brasil. Foram inventariadas todas as árvores com DAP ≥ 15 cm, em 18 parcelas permanentes de 15 x 20 m (300 m²). Foram identificados 175 indivíduos, distribuídos em 17 famílias botânicas, 37 gêneros e 45 espécies. Os gêneros com maior riqueza florística foram Protium, Vantanea e Couratari. Entre as famílias, Fabaceae e Lecythidaceae foram as que apresentaram maior diversidade de espécies. As espécies de maior valor de importância foram Dinizia excelsa (7,49%), Protium heptaphylum (7,41%) e Zigia racemosa (7,40%). O Índice de Diversidade de Shannon (H') foi 3,39, e a Uniformidade de Pielou (J) foi 0,89. O grupo ecológico clímax foi predominante, com 26,7% das espécies e 21,7% dos indivíduos. A diversidade da floresta é baixa, embora predominem famílias que também estão presentes na maioria das florestas amazônicas maduras. Algumas espécies que possuem madeira com alto valor comercial também estão presentes na área com alto valor de importância ecológica. A distribuição dos indivíduos em classes diamétricas sugere que a floresta, ainda que jovem e com alta dinâmica, já se encontra em equilíbrio. Portanto, a área estudada pode ser manejada para extração de produtos madeireiros ou não-madeireiros, com fins conservacionistas, obedecendo às suas características fitossociológicas discutidas no presente estudo e à Legislação Brasileira. Palavras Abstract:The aim of this study was to characterise the phytosociology of a fragment of native forest in the town of Caroebe, in the State of Roraima, Brazil. All trees with a DBH ≥ 15 cm were inventoried in 18 permanent plots of 15 x 20 m (300 m²). There were 175 individuals indentified, distributed across 17 botanical families, 37 genera and 45 species. The genera with the greatest floristic richness were Protium, Vantanea and Couratari. Among the families, Fabaceae and Lecythidaceae showed the greatest species diversity. The species with the greatest value for importance were Dinizia excelsa (7.49%), Protium heptaphylum (7.41%) and Zigia racemosa (7.40%). The Shannon Diversity Index (H ') was 3.39, and the Pielou Uniformity Index (J) was 0.89. The climax ecological group was predominant, with 26.7% of the species and 21.7% of the individuals. The diversity of the forest is low, although families predominate which are also present in most mature Amazonian forests. Some species that have timber of high commercial value are also present in the area, with a high value for ecological importance. The distribution of individuals into diameter classes suggests that the forest, despite being young and highly dynamic, is already balanced. The study area can therefore be managed for the extraction of wood or non-wood products, with a view to conservation, by following phytosociological characteristics as discussed in the present study and Brazilian legislation.
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