JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Clark University is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Economic Geography. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 169.229.32.137 on Thu, 8 May 2014 19:45:54 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions BOOK REVIEWS BOOK REVIEWS panding outlying areas are tied locationally to Greater London but are being pushed out of it principally by the classical Weberian deglomerating factor, competition for scarce space.Despite the generally high quality of this work, it would seem that certain aspects of it could have been strengthened. It is unfortunate, first of all, that more recent data could not have been used, although presumably the time required to collect so great a mass of information is responsible for this problem. One could speak with greater assurance on this point if the exact nature and source of the data had been indicated and if the techniques had been explained more precisely. Moreover, the study would have had greater cohesion and focus if it had been placed within a more explicitly analytical framework such as that provided by location theory, for which the data provide superb opportunities. A number of additional lines of inquiry could be pursued with profit. It would be desirable, for example, to isolate and measure the specific types of agglomeration, especially indirect associations such as those due to urbanization economies and common attraction to transport features. Perhaps most interesting of all would be a more detailed study of the effects of differential firm size. Martin's correlations seem to suggest that in many industries large firms exhibit a different locational behavior than do smaller establishments. Could this tendency be attributed in part to the effects of greater internal economies in the large firms? These are a few of the questions for which we may hope Dr. Martin will supply answers in a sequel to this important work. E. C. CONKLING

In May of 2009, Japan began formal operations of the -saiban-in seido‖ or -lay judge system,‖ a quasi-jury means of criminal trial adjudication that represents the first occasion since 1943 that average Japanese citizens will be required to fulfill a role in the criminal jurisprudential process. While the lay judge system promises to affect the methods and procedures of criminal trials in Japan, recent scholarship in the United States has raised an interesting question: to what degree can the lay participatory adjudication process facilitate greater levels of civic engagement in past citizen jurists once their service has completed?It is with this question in mind that the Japanese lay judge system is examined.In this work I first analyze how the Japanese judicial system fits within the global context, measuring it against the adversarial and inquisitorial archetypes that are followed by other liberal democracies. I then look to describe how lay adjudication is handled elsewhere around the world, finding that two major systems are employedthe Anglo-American jury and the European mixed-tribunal -with the Japanese lay judge system bearing great resemblance towards the latter. In investigating the origins of the lay judge system, and the changes this new method brings to Japanese criminal jurisprudence, I seek to detail the goals of this recent reform and the opportunities the lay judge system has to realize those aims. Finally, I look to how lay participation in the courtroom can inspire individuals to be more civically active once their service at trial is finished. In this pursuit, I look to relevant theoretical literature that describes how deliberative participation can spur further participation in civil society, as well as recent research in the United States that document linkages between jury service and ii an individual's later inclination to be more civically engaged. With this evidence in hand, I return the focus to Japan and the lay judge system and ask what results can be expected under this new system. As sufficient data is not readily available to make definitive declarations as to the civic engagement-enhancing potential of the lay judge system -due to the relative newness of the institution -this thesis instead offers theories and hypotheses that may prove fruitful to later investigations on this very question. Moreover, I examine opinions prevalent in the current literature that would question the ability of the lay judge system to invigorate the civic engagement-tendencies of past lay jurists and analyze their veracity. In this manner, I seek to provide future research in this area with a more stable footing to proceed.iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply indebted to many individuals and organizations for their assistance with research, guidance as to how to proceed on this topic, and general support for this endeavor. Truly, their help proved invaluable to enhancing the quality of this work.

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