In this research, we analyzed COVID-19 distribution patterns based on hotspots and space–time cubes (STC) in East Java, Indonesia. The data were collected based on the East Java COVID-19 Radar report results from a four-month period, namely March, April, May, and June 2020. Hour, day, and date information were used as the basis of the analysis. We used two spatial analysis models: the emerging hotspot analysis and STC. Both techniques allow us to identify the hotspot cluster temporally. Three-dimensional visualizations can be used to determine the direction of spread of COVID-19 hotspots. The results showed that the spread of COVID-19 throughout East Java was centered in Surabaya, then mostly spread towards suburban areas and other cities. An emerging hotspot analysis was carried out to identify the patterns of COVID-19 hotspots in each bin. Both cities featured oscillating patterns and sporadic hotspots that accumulated over four months. This pattern indicates that newly infected patients always follow the recovery of previous COVID-19 patients and that the increase in the number of positive patients is higher when compared to patients who recover. The monthly hotspot analysis results yielded detailed COVID-19 spatiotemporal information and facilitated more in-depth analysis of events and policies in each location/time bin. The COVID-19 hotspot pattern in East Java, visually speaking, has an amoeba-like pattern. Many positive cases tend to be close to the city, in places with high road density, near trade and business facilities, financial storage, transportation, entertainment, and food venues. Determining the spatial and temporal resolution for the STC model is crucial because it affects the level of detail for the information of endemic disease distribution and is important for the emerging hotspot analysis results. We believe that similar research is still rare in Indonesia, although it has been done elsewhere, in different contexts and focuses.

At present, the earthquake-risk perception research in Aceh only focuses on the general public. Limited research examines earthquake-risk perceptions amongst students. This exploratory study is focused on geography education students because this study programme has integrated disaster education into its curriculum. This study aims to find the extent to which earthquake knowledge and fatalism beliefs affect earthquake-risk perception. The survey was conducted on 210 students using questionnaires. Using the Spearman correlation test, the results of this study revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between earthquake knowledge and risk perception with coefficients (0.200) and significance (0.004). Meanwhile, fatalism beliefs have a negative and significant relationship to the perception of earthquake risk with correlation coefficient (−0.224) and significance (0.001). This means that the higher the fatalism attitude of students towards disasters, the lower the perception of earthquake risk. It is feared that fatalism will have an impact on the lack of disaster preparedness. Fatalism beliefs are complex issues that require joint efforts from governments, religious leaders, educational institutions and the media to reduce them.

University students exhibit low commitment towards pro-environmental behavior despite the facts that they know a lot about environmental issues. The objective of this study was (1) to know the level of environmental awareness and pro-environmental behavior and (2) to find relationship between environmental awareness and pro-environmental behavior among university students in Malang city. This study used descriptive quantitative research design using survey method. Data were collected using questionnaire instrument using a 3-point modified from Liker response scale. The results revealed that majority of the students possessed higher environmental awareness and exhibited high environmentally friendly behavior. Likewise, there existed significant relationship between environmental awareness and pro-environmental behavior amongst university students in Malang city. Mahasiswa menunjukkan komitmen yang rendah terhadap perilaku prolingkungan meskipun mereka tahu banyak tentang masalah lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui tingkat kesadaran lingkungan dan perilaku pro-lingkungan dan (2) untuk menemukan hubungan antara kesadaran lingkungan dan perilaku pro-lingkungan di kalangan mahasiswa di Kota Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode survei. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner menggunakan 3 poin yang dimodifikasi dari skala respons Liker. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas siswa memiliki kesadaran lingkungan yang lebih tinggi dan menunjukkan perilaku ramah lingkungan yang tinggi. This is an open access article under the CC-BY-SA license Tersedia secara online http://journal2.um.ac.id/index.php/jpg/

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In today’s world the environmental problems call for the serious solutions before they reach the point of no return. University students as scholars must be well informed about the current pressing environmental problems through formal education and informal education and become role models and champions of protecting the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of environmental awareness and pro-environmental behaviour among undergraduate Geography students at State University of Malang. This study used descriptive qualitative research design using survey method. To collect data, questionnaire was distributed among 100 respondents selected using simple random sampling method. Results on environmental awareness indicated that, most of the students were well informed and possessed higher understanding of environmental problems. However, the findings on self-reported environmentally responsible behaviour indicated otherwise that only few students practiced pro-environmental behaviour. There was a mismatch between students’ awareness on environmental problems and their actions towards environmentally responsible behaviour. That means being environmentally awareness does not necessarily translate directly into environmentally responsible behaviour. There is need to increase rising awareness and enhance university students’ engagement to sustainability activities to establishing sustainable initiatives both on campus and beyond.