In this research, we analyzed COVID-19 distribution patterns based on hotspots and space–time cubes (STC) in East Java, Indonesia. The data were collected based on the East Java COVID-19 Radar report results from a four-month period, namely March, April, May, and June 2020. Hour, day, and date information were used as the basis of the analysis. We used two spatial analysis models: the emerging hotspot analysis and STC. Both techniques allow us to identify the hotspot cluster temporally. Three-dimensional visualizations can be used to determine the direction of spread of COVID-19 hotspots. The results showed that the spread of COVID-19 throughout East Java was centered in Surabaya, then mostly spread towards suburban areas and other cities. An emerging hotspot analysis was carried out to identify the patterns of COVID-19 hotspots in each bin. Both cities featured oscillating patterns and sporadic hotspots that accumulated over four months. This pattern indicates that newly infected patients always follow the recovery of previous COVID-19 patients and that the increase in the number of positive patients is higher when compared to patients who recover. The monthly hotspot analysis results yielded detailed COVID-19 spatiotemporal information and facilitated more in-depth analysis of events and policies in each location/time bin. The COVID-19 hotspot pattern in East Java, visually speaking, has an amoeba-like pattern. Many positive cases tend to be close to the city, in places with high road density, near trade and business facilities, financial storage, transportation, entertainment, and food venues. Determining the spatial and temporal resolution for the STC model is crucial because it affects the level of detail for the information of endemic disease distribution and is important for the emerging hotspot analysis results. We believe that similar research is still rare in Indonesia, although it has been done elsewhere, in different contexts and focuses.

The Goa Lowo Tourism Object, Trenggalek Regency, East Java is one of the geosites with its own charm in the form of karst rock morphology which produces a spectacular karst cave display case. Improving the quality of tourism objects with the potential for education-based geotourism is one way to develop natural potential that has yet to be maximized. This study aims to conduct a geodiversity study on geological elements, examine the value of science, education, tourism, to the risk of degradation in the Goa Lowo area, and a geotourism development strategy based on Research Area Education. This research is expected to be the basis for developing geoparks in the Goa Lowo area. The research method used includes an assessment of the potential of geological sites, measured through several criteria, parameters, and indicators quantitatively, with the reference standard used to conduct this assessment based on a quantitative assessment conducted by the Center for the Geological Survey. The criteria used in this assessment are the parameters of science value, education value, tourism value, and degradation risk value with a predetermined weight. Based on the results of the assessment carried out, the weight value of science is 65 percent, education is 72.5 percent, tourism is 87.5 percent, and the risk of degradation is 58.75 percent. Based on the final results of the quantitative assessment, the total value of the assessment on the Goa Lowo geosite is 283.75 percent, which is between 201-300 which can be interpreted as having a medium category. Kawasan Objek Wisata Goa Lowo Kabupaten Trenggalek Jawa Timur merupakan salah satu geosite dengan daya tarik tersendiri berupa morfologi batuan karst yang menghasilkan etalase goa karst yang spektakuler. Meningkatkan kualitas objek pariwisata dengan potensi geotourism berbasis edukasi adalah salah satu cara mengembangkan potensi alam yang belum maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian geodiversity pada unsur geologi, mengkaji nilai ilmu pengetahuan, pendidikan, pariwisata, hingga risiko degradasi di kawasan Goa Lowo, dan strategi pengembangan geotourism berbasis Edukasi Daerah Penelitian. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar pengembangan geopark di kawasan Goa Lowo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi asesmen potensi situs geologi, diukur melalui beberapa kriteria, parameter, serta indikator secara kuantitatif, dengan standar acuan yang digunakan untuk melakukan asesmen ini adalah berdasarkan penilaian kuantitatif yang dilakukan oleh Pusat Survei Geologi. Kriteria yang digunakan dalam asesmen ini adalah parameter nilai sains, nilai pendidikan, nilai pariwisata, dan nilai risiko degradasi dengan bobot yang telah ditetapkan. Berdasarkan hasil asesmen yang dilakukan, bobot nilai sains 65 persen, pendidikan 72,5 persen, pariwisata 87,5 persen, dan risiko degradasi 58,75 persen. Berdasarkan pada hasil akhir asesmen kuantitatif, maka didapatkan total nilai asesmen pada geosite Goa Lowo sebesar 283,75 persen yaitu antara 201-300 yang dapat diartikan memiliki kategori sedang.

Sugarcane is the main raw material for sugar production. Estimation of the growth phase and sugarcane productivity is very important as input in the plantation management system and decision making. Estimating the growth phase and productivity of sugarcane using remote sensing technology is challenging because sugarcane is varies both spatially and temporally when compared to other crops. The utilization of Sentinel 2 imagery is expected to be an alternative in estimating sugarcane productivity. So, this study aims to estimate the growth and productivity of sugarcane using Sentinel 2 imagery in Dampit District, Malang Regency. The estimation of the sugarcane growth phase and productivity was carried out using the 10-day time-series NDVI parameter approach to determine the growth trend of sugarcane. NDVI extraction when it reaches 240-300 DAP is used to estimate sugarcane productivity. The estimation model was built using the random forest regression method. The results show that the sugarcane growth estimation model cannot accurately predict the sugarcane growth phase with low accuracy of -1.18 with RMSE 102 days, NRMSE 28 percent. While the productivity estimation model has a high accuracy of 0.94 with RMSE 7.23 Ton/Ha, NRMSE 18 percent, and an estimated productivity ratio of 1.02–1.05 which shows the average productivity of Sentinel 2 image is close to the productivity of the DTPHP. Tebu merupakan tanaman perkebunan yang menjadi bahan baku utama untuk produksi gula. Estimasi fase pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tebu sangat penting sebagai masukan dalam sistem pengelolaan perkebunan dan pengambilan keputusan. Estimasi fase pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tebu menggunakan teknologi penginderaan jauh memiliki tantangan karena tebu merupakan tanaman yang bervariasi baik secara spasial maupun temporal jika dibandingkan dengan tanaman lainnya. Pemanfaatan citra Sentinel 2 diharapkan mampu menjadi alternatif dalam estimasi produktivitas tebu. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi fase pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tebu menggunakan citra Sentinel 2 di Kecamatan Dampit Kabupaten Malang. Estimasi fase pertumbuhan tebu dan produktivitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan parameter NDVI time series untuk mengetahui tren pertumbuhan tebu. Ekstraksi NDVI saat mencapai 240-300 HST digunakan untuk estimasi produktivitas tebu. Model estimasi dibangun menggunakan metode random forest regression. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan model estimasi pertumbuhan tebu tidak dapat melakukan estimasi fase pertumbuhan tebu secara akurat dengan akurasi yang rendah sebesar -1.18 dengan RMSE 102 hari, NRMSE 28 persen. Sedangkan, model estimasi produktivitas memiliki akurasi tinggi sebesar 0.94 dengan RMSE 7.23 Ton/Ha, NRMSE 18 persen, serta rasio produktivitas estimasi 1.02–1.05 yang menunjukkan rata-rata produktivitas citra Sentinel 2 mendekati produktivitas Dinas Tanaman Pangan Hortikultura dan Perkebunan (DTPHP).

Mangrove management is completely crucial for environmental sustainability. This study aimed (1) to examine the green and fair strategy in developing mangrove ecotourism in Bedul, Banyuwangi Regency, and (2) to examine the economic, social, and cultural improvement of the local community around the mangrove ecotourism area. The research method was qualitative descriptive using Internal Factor Analysis System (IFAS) and External Factor Analysis System (EFAS) matrix analysis from the SWOT approach. Data included primary and secondary data collected in 2020. Primary data were collected through observations and in-depth interviews with key informants and stakeholders around the study site. Secondary data came from literature reviews, documentation of the government institutions, and the local community. Based on IFAS and EFAS analysis, Bedul Mangrove Ecotourism belonged to Quadrant II with a diversification strategy. The diversification strategy in Quadrant II is located between concentric and conglomerate diversification that signifies a strong organization with strong threats. The analysis showed the need to diversify strategies or make modifications by integrating indicators for sustainable tourism in the mangrove ecotourism area of Bedul, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java. According to the identification results of tourism sustainability goals in accordance with the SDGs 2030 agenda, Mangrove Bedul Ecotourism requires the addition or modification of green and fair policies to address the limited aspect of economic development and the lack of guarantees for community welfare and stakeholders.

<p style="text-align: justify;">Learning geography in Indonesia philosophically aims to develop spatial literacy. Students must improve spatial literacy to form reasoning skills and apply spatial concepts in real life. Applying Gersmehl's spatial learning can improve students' spatial literacy through syntax arranged based on spatial aspects. The use of google earth helps students to complete case studies of disaster mitigation materials without the need to go directly to the field. This quasi-experimental research refers to the posttest-only control group design by comparing the posttest of spatial literacy in the experimental and control classes. This study involved students of class XI IPS SMAN 1 Blitar City. The instrument is a five-point description test based on indicators of spatial literacy in disaster mitigation materials standardized with validity and reliability tests. The research data were analyzed using normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis tests. The data tested were in the form of posttest scores for spatial literacy in the experimental and control classes. The results of Gersmehl's spatial learning influence spatial literacy. The use of LKPD bridges the implementation of spatial learning syntax with Google Earth as a geospatial medium. The implementation of syntax in spatial learning is interrelated with spatial literacy indicators, thereby increasing students' spatial literacy based on experience and spatial recognition.</p>