Agroforestry systems can be considered as sustainability concept. They are able to provide ecological, economical and sociological benefit. In order to help policy makers and stakeholder decide what action should be taken to make agroforestry sustainable, the identification of the sustainability status is needed. This study aimed to evaluate the sustainability status of agroforestry systems in Timor Island, one of the islands in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, eastern Indonesia. The data was collected through combination of field observation and interviews with 38 respondents with purposively selected in three dominant agroforestry systems, namely: mixed-garden, mamar, traditional agroforestry and silvopasture. Multidimensional Scaling approach was used to analyse the sustainability status of agroforestry systems based on five dimensions (ecology, economy, social, institutional and technology) as well as 26 attributes. The attribute valuation was in ordinal scale based on sustainable criteria of each dimension. The criteria were ranked from 0 (the lowest) to 3 (the highest). The assessment of sustainability status was classified into: not sustainable (0-25%), less sustainable (25-50%), moderate sustainable (50-75%) and good sustainable (75-100%). The result revealed that the sustainability of all agroforestry systems were in moderate sustainable. This study found that, only 15 out of 26 attributes were categorized as sensitive attributes. Such data and information are important for the agroforestry farmer or other related stakeholder for improving appropriate strategies or action in sustainable agroforestry management.

Local communities have a strategic role in supporting the activities of forest and land rehabilitation. Various patterns of local adaptation to the environment is one resource that needs to get attention in the planning of sustainable forestry development. Human beings can not be separated from the environment, human and otherwise is a product of environment, so that various forms of adaptation to the environment encountered by the perceptions and experiences interact in the management and utilization of forest resources, soil and water. Local initiatives on the philosophical and practical level, is actually the basic capital for development. This research is study of local initiatives that Lende Ura on the Sumba Barat Daya, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Research using a descriptive approach through literature and documentation and in-depth interviews that related to the focus conducted studies. Research was done in 2009. Data analysis was carried out by narrative descriptive. Lende Ura is one form of local initiatives is a philosophy of community life in Sumba Barat Daya who view the forest as a bridge for the coming rain. People to understand that forests are well maintained will be a bridge for the rain that they support agriculture and water availability for humans and other living creatures. Lende Ura concept encourage people to value each component of the existing natural resources, and influence either directly or indirectly to the process of rain. Therefore, people do not do illegal logging, forest fires and avoiding the land, preserve water catchment areas through the cultivation of dryland mixed farming and use non-timber forest products.

Rapid development over the past two decades has brought us to the industrial revolution 4.0 era, where mastering information technology is an absolute thing for people to run their business. This situation is undoubtedly a challenge for the eco-tourism industry that involved local communities as well. This article aims to describe the current situations of the participatory eco-tourism management conducted by the local community and their strategies in dealing with the industrial era 4.0. The study was conducted in 2018 towards local people of Enoraen Village, Amarasi Timur District, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, as the actors of eco-tourism management. The data and information in this paper are obtained using a quantitative method through the structured interview using questionnaires (n=100) and qualitative methods by collecting scientific writings published in journals and proceedings. This article concludes that there is a gap between the ability of local communities to access knowledge about information technology with massive demands for the use of this technology. We suggest that the development of information technology infrastructure and internet networks must reach remote villages. Furthermore, communities need assistance from any parties in order to be able to use these accesses to support eco-tourism management in Menipo.

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Agroforestry is one of the popular land management systems in ABSTRAKAgroforestri merupakan salah satu sistem pengelolaan lahan yang populer di Indonesia terutama di daerah berlahan kritis dan kering. Sistem ini sangat membantu masyarakat desa untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan lahannya melalui fungsi ekonomi, ekologi, dan sosial budaya. Masyarakat tradisional Sumba mengenal sistem agroforestri dengan nama . Sistem ini telah diterapkan sejak lama dan merupakan bagian dari pengetahuan asli Kaliwu masyarakat Sumba dalam mengelola lahan secara turun temurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek sosiologis di balik praktek yang disinyalir manjadi faktor penentu kelestarian sistem ini dari generasi ke Kaliwu generasi. Penelitian dilakukan selama setahun pada 2009 di Desa Waimangura, Pulau Sumba. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei sosial terhadap 30 responden, wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Data dan informasi yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara sosiologis, Kaliwu merupakan sebuah sistem pengetahuan pengelolaan lahan yang otentik dan terwariskan secara turun-temurun pada masyarakat Sumba. Kaidah-kaidah sosial (ketaatan pada nilai tradisional, pembagian kerja, manajemen konflik) dan lembaga sosial kelompok tani menjadi faktor sosial yang menopang keberlanjutan di tengah masyarakat.