The relationship between knee osteoarthritis progression and changes in tibial bone structure has long been recognized and various texture descriptors have been proposed to detect early osteoarthritis (OA) from radiographs. This work aims to investigate (1) femoral textures as an OA indicator and (2) the potential of entropy as a computationally efficient alternative to established texture descriptors. We design a robust semi-automatically placed layout for regions of interest (ROI), compute the Hurst coefficient and the entropy in each ROI, and employ statistical and machine learning methods to evaluate feature combinations. Based on 153 high-resolution radiographs, our results identify medial femur as an effective univariate descriptor, with significance comparable to medial tibia. Entropy is shown to contribute to classification performance. A linear five-feature classifier combining femur, entropic and standard texture descriptors, achieves AUC of 0.85, outperforming the state-of-the-art by roughly 0.1.

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The article raises some of the issues of public space for young people, especially for students, through the use of some public spaces in the school such as the school yard, hallway, canteen, library and information boards,  research about (1) how to use public space, (2) time to use it, (3) frequency of use and (4) purpose of use to evaluate the current status and effectiveness of public spaces plus (i) learning activities, (ii) entertainment, (iii) social activities and (iv) other activities. The case study of public spaces at the Vietnam Women's Academy helps researchers have an initial overview of the current situation of using public spaces in schools of students as well as assess the effectiveness , the relationship between public spaces and student activities.

Based on the general systems theory, this study uses scoping method and bibliometrics to review 874 articles published in Vietnam’s  three educational journals in 2020. The article titles and abstracts with key words “theory, leadership, governance, management, administration” are selected and reviewed. The study tends to accept the hypothesis of “doctrine abundance, scientific theory shortage” in Vietnam’s educational research. The hypothesis of under-differentiation and confusion of leadership, governance, management and administration has also been accepted with the fact that there are the majority of articles on management and a few articles on leadership, governance, administration. Other finding is that most articles focus on internal elements including professional development, teaching and learning for cognitive objectives in systems of general education and tertiary education. Therefore, this study recommends to further do research and develop theories of educational sciences for all educational systems in general and preschool education and occupational education in particular. The research subject matter needs to cover external relationships between educational systems and environments. The objectives of comprehensive education should include ethical/moral, physical, aesthetic education harmonized with cognitive education to adapt to changes in the period of economic market conditions, international integration and digitalization.