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Photovoltaic is used to convert electricity from solar radiation. The working characteristics of photovoltaic depend on environmental conditions such as temperature, solar radiation intensity, and the surrounding environment. During operation, the photovoltaic generation system (PGS) can be partially or completely shaded due to natural phenomena such as clouds, buildings, dust, animals, electric pillars, trees ... these are changing the characteristics of the system’s power output of PV. This paper proposes a maximum power point tracking algorithm for PGS operating under partially shaded condition (PSC) based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method, and a configuration comprises of three PV modules type PHM60W36 is used to simulate using PSIM software. The study focused on changing the working characteristics of the photovoltaic system when changing factors such as level, location of the photovoltaic module are shaded. The effectiveness of the proposed method is not only compared with the traditional Perturb and Observe (P&O) method but also compared with those proposed previously under the same operating conditions. In addition, an experimental model was developed to investigate the response of the proposed solution in the real environment with the Chroma-62050H simulator. The results show the superiority of the proposed solution in improving the performance MPPT and convergence speed of the system under complex operating conditions.

No abstract

We created the blue-green Ba2Si3O8:Eu2+ (or BaE) phosphor treated with Eu2+ using the standard solid-state method with the concentration of Eu as well as heating temperature properly adjusted for the maximum luminescence efficacy. It is possible to excite the said phosphor using near-UV (n-UV) wavelengths and to display its wide emission band, which is the 5d => 4f shift for Eu2+, caused by the combination of the Eu activator and the nearby host. We integrated the said phosphor with the n-UV LED to create the pc-LED (short for diodes based on conversion phosphor). For the task of creating the WLED device that yields significant color rendering index, we combined the orange ZnCdSe/ZnSe quantum dot with a distinctive sheet structure for the pc-LED made with phosphor BaE. This research demonstrates the electroluminescence features of the said elements.

<span lang="EN-GB">Ca₃Sc₂Si₃O₁₂:Ce³⁺ phosphors with one stage and tiny dimension were effectively produced utilizing the gel-combustion technique at a lower heat (1100◦C) than the traditional solid-status reaction technique (around 1500◦C). The phosphors' crystal phase and microstructure, as well as their luminescence, were studied. The particle size is around 1m, which is significantly smaller than what the solid-status process produces. When particles are combined of silicon and deposited on a blue light-emitting diode (LED), finer particles can minimize interior diffusing. A significant green radiation is noticed that is caused by typical Ce³⁺ transition radiations 5d–²F_5/2 and 5d–²F_7/2. The stimulation spectra reveal a wide and high absorptivity at around 460 nm, indicating that it would be an excellent color conversion in white LEDs. The gel-combustion phosphor has a decay period of 54.65 ns.</span>