In recent years, with the widespread use of imaging techniques such as paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT), many variations of nasal turbinates have been described. One of these variations known as concha bullosa (CB) is pneumatization of nasal turbinates. CB is the most frequently encountered anatomical variations of the middle turbinate. The term of septated concha bullosa has been described recently and it is an uncommon pneumatization anomaly of the middle turbinate. There has not been any study that correlates the number of septations and the presence of sinonasal pathologies. We hereby present a case of triple septated concha bullosa that has not been reported so far.
ÖzetAmaç: Tüberoskleroz kompleksinde en sık görülen nörolojik sorun epilepsidir. Bu çalışma, epileptik tüberoskleroz kompleksi tanılı hastaların epilepsi özeliklerini ve klinik seyrini incelemek, epilepsi seyrini etkileyebilecek etmenleri araştırmak amacıyla planlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çocuk Nörolojisi Kliniği'mizde epilepsi nedeniyle 9 ay-10 yıl izlenen, 1-14 (7,5±4,2 ) yaşları arasında 21 tüberoskleroz kompleksi tanılı hasta (11/10: E/K) çalışmaya alındı. Hastalara ait aşağıdaki bilgiler elde edildi: epileptik nöbet özellikleri, muayene bulguları, zeka veya bilişsel gelişim düzeyleri, antiepileptik tedavi, kraniyal manyetik rezonans görüntüleri ve elektroansefalogram bulguları. Epileptik nöbet seyri iyi ve kötü olarak gruplandırıldıktan sonra ilk nöbet yaşı, öyküde status, infantil spazm varlığı, ilk tedavi seçeneğinin vigabatrin olması, ilk elektroansefalogram bulguları, elektroansefalogramda epileptik aktivite yeri, hastalarda otizm veya zeka ve bilişsel gelişim geriliği varlığı, kortikal tüberlerin sayı ve yerleşimleri, astrositom varlığı açısından istatiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların nöbet başlama yaşı üç gün ile 2,5 yaş arasında olup 16 hastada (%76) bir yaş ve altındaydı. Hastalarımızın en sık nöbet tipi (%95) kısmi nöbet olup, sekizer hastada (%38) infantil spazm ve status epileptikus saptandı. İzlemleri sonucunda, nöbet seyri 11'inde kötü, 10'unda iyi olarak değerlendirildi. Nöbet başlangıç yaşı (bir yaş altı ve üstü), status veya infantil spazm öyküsü, ilk elektroansefalogram bulguları, ilk ilaç olarak vigabatrin kullanılması, hastada otizm veya zeka ve gelişim geriliği varlığı, kraniyal manyetik rezonans görüntülemede kortikal tüber sayısı, yerleşimi ve astrositom varlığının nöbet seyri ile ilişkisi saptanmadı (p>0,05). Çıkarımlar: Tüberoskleroz kompleksi tanılı hastalarda epilepsinin klinik seyrinin her hasta özelinde çeşitli etmenlere bağlı değişkenlik gösterebilmesi nedeniyle bu hastaların klinik ve elektroansefalogram ile yakın izlemi gereklidir. (Türk Ped Arfl 2013; 48: 123-30) Anahtar sözcükler: Epilepsi, seyir, tüberoskleroz kompleksi Summary Aim: Epilepsy is the most common neurological problem in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical features and prognosis of epilepsy associated with TSC and to determine the factors that may affect the course of epilepsy in TSC patients. Material and Method: Our study included 21 TSC patients (11/10: M/F) aged between 1-14 years (7.5±4.2 ) and followed up for 9 months-10 years because of epileptic seizures. After epileptic seizures were classified as seizures with good and poor prognosis, they were were statistically compared in terms of age at seizure onset, history of status and infantile spasms, initial treatment with vigabatrin, initial EEG findings, presence of autism or mental retardation or cognitive impairment, the number of cortical tubers and presence of astrocytoma. Results: The age at seizure onset ranged between 3 days and 2.5 years. The most common seizure type in our patient...
Lower cervical bifurcation of cervical common carotid artery (CCA) is a very rarely encountered anatomic variation. Knowing the normal vascular anatomy and also its anomalies is important in preventing the vascular complications. Ill-defined vascular anomalies may lead to massive hemorrhage and eventually death during head and neck surgery. Imaging of the neck by magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI), CT, or angiography is helpful for diagnosis. We present a 62-year-old male patient diagnosed with laryngeal carcinoma who had been treated. His MRI revealed bilateral low-level bifurcation of the cervical common carotid arteries as well as tumor localization and its boundaries. Total laryngectomy and right selective neck dissection was performed to the patient with the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. During the neck dissection, carotid bifurcation was detected in common border of Level 3 and Level 4 of the neck.
Cerebrovascular complications of DKA in children are a rare condition; however, higher risks take place in their youngest age. Clinicians should be aware of these complications so as to develop appropriate approach for its management.
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