No abstract

No abstract

We report a complete chloroplast genome sequence of Malus sieversii. The CP genome was 160,223 bp in length with a typical quadripartite structure. Length of large single-copy (LSC) was 88,334 bp, whereas small single-copy (SSC) was 19,179 bp in length. A pair of inverted repeats (IR) were 26,355 bp. In total, 128 genes were found including 83 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis on concatenated data set retrieved from 78 protein-coding genes revealed that M. sieversii was closely related with both M. 3domestica and M. sylvestris.

The aim of the present research was to study the spatial and temporal patterns in the growth response of spruce to climate change at different altitudes (upper, middle and lower) of mountainous terrain in Southern Kazakhstan. The analysis of the climatic response of the generalized chronologies was carried out by calculating the correlation coefficients (Rs) between the growth indices and monthly precipitations and air temperatures for the period during which the influence of climatic factors on the annual radial increment of wood was possible. This is especially important in cases where there are no assumptions about the possible influence of climatic factors on the growth of woody plants in specific conditions. According to the research, correlation and response analysis shows that the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) from July 2015 to June 2016 was the main factor limiting the radial growth of Schrenk spruce. The PDSI showed markedly prolonged and rapid hydration from 1980 to 2005 but declined after 2005. There have been three particularly dry years over the past decade (2008, 2014 and 2015). The chronologies have been reconstructed by the PDSI for the last 189 years for the Dzungarian Alatau. A calibration model from 1950 to 2011 explains 42.6% of the actual PDSI variance. The reconstructed PDSI reflects the severe droughts of the 1910s and 1940s that were widespread in the arid zones of Central Asia. The extremely dry years in the 1910s and 1940s are especially noticeable. A ten-year analysis shows that in five periods, i.

Because of the intensive use of natural resources and increased anthropogenic loads, a tense ecological situation has developed in the Western regions of Kazakhstan. This has led to the necessity of urgent measures among which is enhancing areas for black saxaul forest plantations. Based on the study conducted at Samsk State Institution for Protection of Forests and Wildlife in Mangystau Region the authors of the article have proved that the main methods of tillage impact on the growth and survival rate of black saxaul in the arid conditions of Western Kazakhstan. The article presents the results of the effectiveness for the planting of black saxaul forest plantations with various methods of tillage. It has been known that agrotechnical methods of growing plantations are aimed at improving the water regime of the soil through additional accumulation, conservation and rational use of soil moisture. The system of tillage contributes to the creation of these conditions in many respects. The choice of the optimal method of tillage has had a positive effect on the survival rate and intensity of growth and development of the saxaul plantations.