Background: In 2003, the JNC 7 reported obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as a cause of secondary hypertension. The prevalence of OSA in hypertension ranges from 30-80%. There are limited data on the prevalence and risk factors of OSA in hypertensive patients. This study thus aimed to evaluate prevalence and clinical predictors of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in these patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and conducted at the hypertension clinic at Khon Kaen University’s Srinagarind Hospital, Thailand. We enrolled patients with hypertension treated at the clinic. OSA was defined as apnea-hypopnea index of 5 events/hour or over according to cardiopulmonary monitoring. Patients whose hypertension was due to any other causes were excluded. The prevalence of OSA was calculated and risk factors for OSA were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.Results: There were 726 hypertensive patients treated at the clinic. Of those, 253 (34.8%) were randomly studied and categorized as either non-OSA (147 patients, 58.1%) or OSA (106 patients, 41.9%). There were four independent factors associated with OSA-induced hypertension: age, sex, history of snoring, and history of headache. Headache had an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 3.564 (95% confidence interval of 1.510, 8.411).Conclusion: Age, male sex, history of snoring, and headache were independent predictors of hypertension caused by OSA.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is leading to several consequences as reported in adults. A continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine is one of the effective treatments in pediatric OSA. However, the CPAP adherence rate is approximately 50%. This study aimed to evaluate if any interventions that improve CPAP adherence in pediatric patients with OSA using a systematic review. We included intervention studies on CPAP adherence in pediatric patients with OSA regardless of machine types. Five databases were used for article searching. Search terms included OSA, adherence, compliance, and CPAP. The outcomes of this study were adherence rate and usage hours/minutes. The outcomes were compared between the intervention and comparator groups with descriptive statistics. There were 2931 articles from 5-database searching. There were 41 articles related with children. There were 7 articles conducted with any intervention on CPAP compliance. Of those, 4 studies included in the analysis. There were 3 significant differences between both groups in 2 studies. Those with caregiver support had significantly longer CPAP use/night by 86.60 minutes (95% CI 10.90, 162.30) and percentage of CPAP usage more than 4 hours/night by 18.10% (95% CI 3.87, 32.33) than those without caregiver support. Those who received BPAP therapy had higher chance of good PAP adherence than those who received CPAP by 18.17 times (95% CI 5.19, 63.70). Caregiver support and BPAP therapy significantly improved CPAP adherence in children with OSA. Further studies are required to add additional comparisons and also other interventions.

Background Hypertensive crisis is an urgent/emergency condition. Although obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in resistant hypertension has been thoroughly examined, information regarding the risk factors and prevalence of hypertensive crisis in co-existing OSA and hypertension is limited. This study thus aimed to determine prevalence of and risk factors for hypertensive crisis in patients with hypertension caused by OSA. Methods The inclusion criteria were age of 18 years or over and diagnosis of co-existing OSA and hypertension. Those patients with other causes of secondary hypertension were excluded. Patients were categorized by occurrence of hypertensive crisis. Factors associated with hypertensive crisis were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results There were 121 patients met the study criteria. Of those, 19 patients (15.70%) had history of hypertensive crisis. Those patients in hypertensive crisis group had significant higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure at regular follow-ups than those without hypertensive crisis patients (177 vs. 141 mmHg and 108 vs. 85 mmHg; p value < 0.001 for both factors). After adjusted for age, sex, and Mallampati classification, only systolic blood pressure was independently associated with hypertensive crisis with adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.046 (1.012, 1.080). Conclusions The prevalence of hypertensive crisis in co-existing OSA and hypertension was 15.70% and high systolic blood pressure or uncontrolled blood pressure associated with hypertensive crisis in patients with OSA-associated hypertension.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disease that can be treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). CPAP tolerance may be associated with its compliance. Even though there are several predictors for good CPAP compliance, there are limited data available on the correlation between CPAP compliance and OSA symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate this correlation. We conducted a cross-sectional study and enrolled adult patients diagnosed with OSA through polysomnography who had experience using a CPAP machine. A self-report questionnaire was used to evaluate CPAP compliance and study variables. Predictors of CPAP compliance were analysed using stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. There were 68 patients with OSA who completed the questionnaire during the study period. Of those, 14 (20.59%) exhibited good CPAP compliance. Only fatigue as a symptom was an independent factor associated with good CPAP compliance, with an adjusted odds ratio of 5.380 (95% CI 1.274–22.719). In conclusion, fatigue was the only symptom associated with good CPAP compliance in patients with OSA.