Based on the positive psychology approach, the present study claims that Leader-Member Exchange Theory and Person-Job Fit Theory could be significant antecedents of flow experience in the workplace, as individuals living in the 21st century spend most of their lives at work. Flow experience is a source of high motivation for employees in terms of both cognitive and emotional functions. Therefore, the concept can cause many psychological states of well-being, such as having fun, feeling happy, or optimism. For this reason, it is quite important for the organizational behavior discipline to define the concept in detail and to focus on possible antecedents. In accordance with this purpose, a cross-sectional research study has been performed in Turkey with the participation of 711 white-collar employees from various companies in the service sector in Istanbul, Turkey. The findings of the research show that high quality manager–employee relationships had significant positive impacts on employees’ flow experience (β = 0,801; t = 35,664; p = ,000). In addition, a good match between person and job had significant positive impacts on employees’ flow experience (β = 0,559; t = 17,968; p = ,000). Thus, the proposed hypothesis 1 and hypothesis 2 of the study were supported. The results indicated that leader-member exchange and person-job fit are antecedents of flow experience in the workplace (p < 0,05). In the present study, all study variables are reviewed and the possible relationships among the study variables are discussed in the literature review part. Finally, the implications of the study for both the individual and the organization are presented in the conclusion and discussion section.
In this study, we contend that paternalist leadership can be an effective way of managing people and can pave the way for employee motivation and well-being, despite several previous studies linking it to adverse outcomes. In addition, we propose two possible underlying mechanisms (i.e., workaholism, trust in leadership) linking a leader’s paternalistic style to employee work engagement. By doing so, we aim to understand whether paternalist leaders positively influence their subordinates through a social connection path (trust in leader) or task-focusing path (workaholism). We conducted a field survey and collected cross-sectional data using online surveys from 413 participants working in various industries in Istanbul to test the hypotheses. The results indicate a positive relationship to exist between paternalistic leadership and employee work engagement. Therefore, we put forth that the paternalistic leadership style can be beneficial through the task-focusing and social connection paths, contrary to the beliefs commonly shared in Western countries.
In this study, based on the approach of humanization of the postmodern organizations and depending on the conceptual background, it was suggested that psychological capital and social capital could be the significant antecedents of employee happiness at workplace. Further, it was proposed that organizational trust has a moderating role on the impact of psychological capital on happiness at workplace. Thereby, a cross-sectional research study has been performed in Turkey with the participation of 222 employees from a variety of sectors including sales, marketing, health, banking, finance and education. According to the findings, it was reported that the psychological capital construct (β= ,778; t=18,370, p<,05) and social capital (β= ,746; t=16,621, p<,05) had significant positive impacts on employees' happiness at workplace. These findings supported the proposed hypothesis 1 and hypothesis 2. In addition, it was demonstrated that organizational trust has significant positive impact on happiness at workplace (β=,544, t=9,590, p<,05). However, the results indicated that organizational trust has no significant moderating role (p>0,05), thus hypothesis 3 was not confirmed. Further research direction and the need for research on organizational trust's moderating role are discussed. The conceptual and practical implications of the study are provided along with the concluding remarks and discussions.
Bu çalışmada, örgütsel sessizliğin çalışanların iş yerindeki mutlulukları üzerindeki etkisinde bir psiko-sosyal kaynak yokluğu olarak umutsuzluk duygusunun aracı (mediatör) rolü incelenmektedir. Yapılan literatür araştırması sonucunda, örgütsel düzeyde meydana gelen sessizliğin, çalışanların iş yerindeki mutluluklarını ve umutsuzluk duygularını etkileyebileceği düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca, örgütsel sessizliğin iş yerinde mutluluk üzerinde etkisinde umutsuzluğun aracı değişken olarak rolünün olabileceği varsayılmaktadır. Yöntem-Araştırma, İstanbul ilinde, hizmet sektörlerinde (eğitim, sağlık, pazarlama ve bankacılık) çalışan 402 beyaz yakalı birey üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kolayda örnekleme yönteminin kullanıldığı araştırmada hipotezleri test etmek için basit doğrusal regresyon ve Hayes Process makro uzantısı kullanılmış ve Sosyal Bilimler için Geliştirilmiş olan İstatistik Paketi (SPSS versiyon 22) ile veriler test edilmiştir. Bulgular -Bulgular (N=402), örgütsel sessizlik ile çalışanların iş yerindeki mutlulukları ve umutsuzluk duyguları arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğunu göstermektedir (β =-,406; LLCI=-.4905 ve ULCI= -.3205; β = .304; LLCI= -.3812 ve ULCI= -.2282, sırasıyla). Bununla beraber örgütsel düzeyde meydana gelen sessizlik ile umutsuzluk duygusu arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiş ve söz konusu ilişkide aracı role sahip olan umutsuzluğun, örgütsel sessizlik ve iş yerinde mutluluk arasındaki ilişkiyi doğrudan etkilediği görülmüştür (β =-,223; LLCI = -,2873; ULCI = -,1600).Tartışma -Günün en az üçte birini işyerlerinde geçiren çalışanlar için işte kaldıkları süre boyunca kendilerini mutlu hissetmelerinin öneminden yola çıkarak sessiz kalma mecburiyetinin mutlu olmanın önünde önemli bir engel olabileceği ve umutsuzluk aracılığıyla da mutluluğu etkileyebileceği bu araştırmanın çıkış noktasını oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada örgütsel sessizliğin bireysel sonuçlarına odaklanılsa da literatürdeki araştırmalar ile değerlendirildiğinde sessizliğin örgütsel açıdan da birçok olumsuz durumu beraberinde getirdiği görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla sessizliğin neden olduğu olumsuz etkileri en aza indirmek adına örgüt içerisinde iletişime dayalı bir ortam kurulması önem taşımaktadır.
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