Summary
Alternative food packaging materials were prepared using chitosan (CS) that contained borax (B) and boron nitride (BN) (1% and 3% w/w). The produced films were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, physicochemical, biodegradation, chemical resistance, and biological activities were also investigated. According to the biodegradability study, the highest weight loss among all films was detected in CS‐BN1. The images obtained by SEM showed the presence of agglomerates as the concentration of B and BN increased. Besides, the thermal stability of the CS‐B and CS‐BN were found higher than CS. Moreover, CS‐B and CS‐BN showed antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti‐quorum sensing activity. Their effects were decreased with increased concentration. Therefore, the CS‐B and CS‐BN are promising materials to be used in food packaging to enhance food safety, especially for fruit and vegetables by reducing water vapour loss and microbial growth.
Bu çalışmasının amacı, hasta hekim iletişimi ile hekimin tekrar tercih edilme durumunun arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Evreni bir kamu hastanesi olan çalışmada örneklem, kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. İki ayrı klinikten ikişer hekimin hastalarından veri toplanmıştır. Her bir hekimin ortalama 100 hastası ile görüşülerek toplamda 401 hastaya ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada hasta hekim iletişimini ölçen iki ölçekten esinlenerek oluşturulan "Hasta Hekim İletişim Anketi" isimli bir veri toplama aracı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları; hasta hekim iletişimi ile hekim tercihinin arasında olumlu ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Hastaların %92'sinin, hekimlerinin iletişimlerini iyi olarak değerlendirdiği, hekimlerinin iletişimlerini iyi olarak değerlendiren hastaların %95'inin de aynı hekimi tekrar tercih edeceği tespit edilmiştir. Tüm hastaların %90'ının aynı hekimi tekrar tercih edeceği, %54'ünün başka hekime muayene olmak istemediği, aynı hekime devam edeceği ve %79'unun hekimini başkalarına tavsiye edeceği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca hastanın cinsiyet, medeni durum, yaş ve eğitim gibi bazı demografik özelliklerinin, hasta hekim iletişiminde etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla hastanın aynı hekimi tercih etmesi için hekimin hastaya daha açıklayıcı bir tedavi süreci oluşturması, psikolojik destek sağlaması ve yapılan tetkiklerin sonuçlarını anlatması önerilmektedir.
Mastitis is a mammary gland inflammatory disease that causes milk yield reduction and economic losses. Mastitis is bacteriological and antibiotics are usually used for treatment. Alternative natural treatment methods such as bee products, phytotherapy, and essential oils were evaluated to reduce the use of antibiotics in the treatment of mastitis. In this study, the in vitro antibacterial effect of flower and oak honey samples dissolved in distilled water and boric acid (2%) on ESBL and biofilm-producing Enterobacterales pathogens was investigated. The aim was to establish the usability of honey/boric acid solution against mastitis as a natural antiseptic solution for bovine udder surfaces. Honey samples were studied by dissolving in distilled water and boric acid (2%) solvents. There was no significant statistical difference between honey solutions using distilled water and boric acid (p>0.05). Antibacterial effects were increased according to the increasing honey proportion in flower honey solutions. However, the antibacterial activity of oak honey dissolved in boric acid solution was higher than dissolved in distilled water. As a result of the statistical correlation analysis between flower and oak honey samples, antibacterial effects of flower honey samples were determined to be higher than oak honey samples (p<0.05) (R=0.825). An alternative formulation for mastitis treatment with honey and boric acid was developed for the first time in the literature.
Microbiology
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