Purpose The purpose of this study is to reveal the usability of waste paper sludge on the production of composite materials and the printability of their surfaces were investigated. Design/methodology/approach First, composite plates were produced by using dried and milled waste sludge together with polyester resin and epoxy. Screen printing using water, solvent and UV-based inks were carried out. Findings It was determined that UV and solvent-based inks in both resin groups were permanently attached to the surface of composite plates produced using paper mill waste sludge, while it was found that the adhesion was not achieved sufficiently in cardboard factory waste sludge. Originality/value The unique aspect of this study is obtained the composite plates from paper mill and cardboard mill waste sludge and improved the printability of them.
Hydroxylapatite, titania and Bioglass 45S5 are the components generally used for the production of bioactive biomaterials for years. In literature, although the binary composites with the permutation of three components exist, a ternary composite has not yet been tried. Primarily, Bioglass 45S5 was cast, its thermal analysis (Differential thermal analysis (DTA), dilatometric analysis), phase analysis (X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) ), microstructural characterization (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) ) were performed. Then Bioglass 45S5 powder was ground to fine powder to make its particle size closer to the hydroxylapatite and the titania powders. The particle size of the powders were determined using the laser particle sizer. The DTAs of the 3 components, separately and mixed, were performed. They were then mixed, and ball-milled during 24 hours for a better homogenization. Following drying for 24 hours, pellets of 1 inch diameter were obtained using unaxial manuel press and sintered at 1000, 1100, 1200 °C. Mechanical testing (compression and microhardness), porosity measurement (The Archimèdes Method), phase determination (XRD) and microstructural characterization (SEM) of the composites were then performed. As a conclusion, when sintering temperature was increased, the porosity in the structure was decreased. Between 1100 °C and 1200 °C, a phase transformation occurred. The results of microhardness ( 24.6, 38.99, 316.2 HV (500gf for 15 sec) for the composites sintered at 1000, 1100, 1200 °C, respectively) and subsequent compression tests (93.023±10.5, 298.14±78.074, 371.9684±38.36 MPa, respectively) approved the possible phase transformation between 1100 °C and 1200 °C along with the XRD results.
Being one the modern high quality industrial welding process especially for stainless steels and titanium alloys. TIG welding process has been has been researched for decades in order to define its parameters such as welding speed, current and arc length to improve the weld penetration. Hence it is a popular technique for joining thin materials-the thickness of the work piece is in general restricted to less than 6 mm-in manufacturing industries. In this study, AISI 321 and 316L stainless steel sheets of 4 mm of thickness were used as welding metals. Thus, AISI 321 welding metal couples, AISI 316L welding metal couples and AISI 321 and 316L welding metal couples were selected to ensure a combination of similar and dissimilar metals. The filler metal rod was made of 316L SS. The specimens were cut in dimensions of 150 x 30 x 4 mm as using an abrasive cutter, then the V weld butt joint configuration with single groove of 37.5 o ± 2.5 o groove angle by a lathe machine. The welding current was 200 A and TIG welding process was performed manually in single under argon shielding gas atmosphere. After TIG welding process, the separate metallographic preparations, then microscopic and macroscopic examinations of the specimens, also hardness measurements of specimens were made. The rest of them was shaped for tensile strength measurement using Instron Universal Testing Machine. The hardness of the specimens were observed being altered in the range of 145-151 HRV(average) and their tensile strength values in the scale of 345-400 MPa (average).
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