Production and Characterization of Bioglass^®-Titania Reinforced Hydroxylapatite Composite

Abstract

Hydroxylapatite, titania and Bioglass 45S5 are the components generally used for the production of bioactive biomaterials for years. In literature, although the binary composites with the permutation of three components exist, a ternary composite has not yet been tried. Primarily, Bioglass 45S5 was cast, its thermal analysis (Differential thermal analysis (DTA), dilatometric analysis), phase analysis (X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) ), microstructural characterization (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) ) were performed. Then Bioglass 45S5 powder was ground to fine powder to make its particle size closer to the hydroxylapatite and the titania powders. The particle size of the powders were determined using the laser particle sizer. The DTAs of the 3 components, separately and mixed, were performed. They were then mixed, and ball-milled during 24 hours for a better homogenization. Following drying for 24 hours, pellets of 1 inch diameter were obtained using unaxial manuel press and sintered at 1000, 1100, 1200 °C. Mechanical testing (compression and microhardness), porosity measurement (The Archimèdes Method), phase determination (XRD) and microstructural characterization (SEM) of the composites were then performed. As a conclusion, when sintering temperature was increased, the porosity in the structure was decreased. Between 1100 °C and 1200 °C, a phase transformation occurred. The results of microhardness ( 24.6, 38.99, 316.2 HV (500gf for 15 sec) for the composites sintered at 1000, 1100, 1200 °C, respectively) and subsequent compression tests (93.023±10.5, 298.14±78.074, 371.9684±38.36 MPa, respectively) approved the possible phase transformation between 1100 °C and 1200 °C along with the XRD results.

A study on using expanded perlite with hydroxyapatite: Reinforced bio-composites

“…Ca, P, Mg, Na, O, and Zr were observed in the EDS analyses (see Figure 7), and it is known that these elements are included in the human body by showing low toxicity and having an effect on mechanical properties, bioactivity and biocompatibility. 11–13 The concentration of Ca and P ions (CN2) increased with the increase in the waiting time in the SBF. Pores and fissures are the first locations to become saturated with released Ca and P ions.…”

“…In studies, 9–13 bio-glass reinforced HA composites have been investigated because of their chemical composition including components such as SiO 2 , CaO, P 2 O 5 , Na 2 O, and MgO. The reason for using bio-glass in these studies was that the components present in the chemical structure of bio-glasses have biocompatible and non-toxic properties.…”

“…It has been observed that mechanical properties improved with the aforementioned reinforcements. 10–14…”

New sol‐gel bioactive glass and titania composites with enhanced physico‐chemical and biological properties

“…This prompted us to create new composite biomaterials combining the properties of both bioactive glasses and titania. Cetiner et al recently reported the production and characterization of new, three‐component composites made of hydroxylapatite, titania, and Bioglass 45S5 . Beherei et al obtained biocomposites made of Bioglass 45S5 and titania that showed high bioactivity and compressive strength comparable to cortical bone …”

“…Cetiner et al recently reported the production and characterization of new, threecomponent composites made of hydroxylapatite, titania, and Bioglass 45S5. 21 Beherei et al obtained biocomposites made of Bioglass 45S5 and titania that showed high bioactivity and compressive strength comparable to cortical bone. 22 We have examined the hypothesis that the introduction of gel-derived bioactive glass component to the TiO 2 base will result in innovative biocomposites suitable for medical applications.…”