ABSTRAKTanaman sirih (Piper betle L) merupakan jenis tanaman yang tumbuh merambat dengan ketinggian mencapai 5-15 m. Tanaman ini sebagai tanaman obat yang berkhasiat untuk penyembuhan terhadap penyakit kulit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Staphylococcus aureus karena memiliki daya antiseptik yang baik. Bagian tanaman yang digunakan yaitu daunnya karena banyak mengandung senyawa turunan fenol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle L) dan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih yang memiliki efek antibakteri paling efektif terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus penyebab penyakit kulit. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan rancangan percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan menggunakan 2 metode yaitu metode Refluks dan Maserasi dengan masing-masing konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle L) yang terdiri atas satu faktor yaitu konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle L) dengan taraf faktor 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% dan 25%. Variabel respon yang diamati adalah luas zona hambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada ekstrak daun sirih terdapat senyawa antibakteri yang efektif dalam menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Zona hambat mulai terlihat pada konsentrasi 5%. Perlakuan dengan cara maserasi, pada konsentrasi 10% dan 20% zona hambat tidak berbeda nyata, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 15% dan konsentrasi 25% zona hambat yang dihasilkan berbeda nyata dengan semua konsentrasi yang digunakan. Perlakuan dengan cara refluks, pada konsentrasi 10% dan 25% zona hambat tidak berbeda nyata, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 15% dan konsentrasi 20% zona hambat yang dihasilkan berbeda nyata dengan semua konsentrasi yang digunakan. Dengan demikian, diperoleh konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih yang memiliki efek antibakteri yang paling efektif yaitu pada konsentrasi 25% dengan cara maserasi, sedangkan cara refluks yaitu pada konsentrasi 20%.Kata kunci : Sirih (Piper betle L), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, antibakteri, rancangan acak lengkap (RAL)
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp) is one of important export commodity for Indonesia. With annual production capacity about 103.594 tons, Indonesia is one of main cinnamon’s exporter especially to United States. Recently the utilization of cinnamon is developed, where not only use as spices but also use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The development of cinnamon’s use of course might lead to the market growth.. But on the other side arise an issue about coumarin content, where Cinnamomum burmannii issued to have higher content of this hepatotoxic compound than Cinnamomum verum or Cinnamomum zeylanicum. This research result showed that, although coumarin content of Indonesian Cinnamomum burmannii is higher than Cinnamomum zeylanicum but the difference is not too significant. C. burmannii collected from Gunung. Mas, West Java has coumarin content of 0.0030 % which is slightly higher than C. zeylanicum (0.0017 %). This research result also shown that antioxidant activity and α glucosidase inhibition activity is related to polyphenol and flavonoid content.
Article Info AbstractAn increase in blood glucose levels in people with diabetes can cause an increase in free radicals, which can worsen the disease. Thus, drugs that have antidiabetic and antioxidant activities are needed. The cinnamon plant is high in antioxidants and has long been used as a source for a diabetes drug. The utilization of endophytic fungi isolated from cinnamon plants as antidiabetic and antioxidant has never been reported. This study aims to investigate the antidiabetic as well as antioxidant activity from the extract of endophytic fungi from the cinnamon plant. The antidiabetic activity was tested using the -glucosidase enzyme inhibition method , while antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH free radical scavenging method. Total phenol content was measured based on the Follin-Ciocalteu reagent reaction. All endophytic fungal extracts from the cinnamon leaves, twigs, flowers, and fruit have antidiabetic and antioxidant activity as well as high total phenol content. The three parameters measured showed a positive correlation. Endophytic fungal extract of Cb.D6 isolate derived from the leaf had the highest antidiabetic and antioxidant activity among the other isolates amounting to 92.41 % and 90.28 %, respectively. In addition, the total phenol content of Cb.D6 isolates was also the highest with 357 -83 mg equivalent to gallic acid / g extract. Therefore, the endophytic fungal extract of Cb.D6 isolate has the potential to be developed as a source of the antidiabetic and antioxidant ingredients.
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