In this paper, we propose a highly efficient VLSI architecture for context-based adaptive variable-length coding (CAVLC) decoder. In multimedia data processing systems, the real-time processing requirement is the most critical problem and the only requirement that must be satisfied. Thus, an architecture which has a short processing time though a high throughput, can meet the requirement at low operating frequencies. Consequently, the architecture can have an advantage of low power consumption. We propose two methods to improve the throughput of CAVLC decoders. The first method eliminates the pipeline hazard in a pipelined architecture for CAVLC decoder. The second method expands the capacity of the barrel shifter. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture can improve throughput by about 45%. As a result, the proposed architecture greatly reduces the operating frequency for real-time processing, which is the key factor of reducing power consumption. The synthesis result shows that the design achieves the maximum operating frequency at 125 MHz, and the hardware cost is about 12.6K under a 0.18 um CMOS process 1 . Index Terms -Context-based variable length coding, CAVLC, H.264/AVC, low-power, variable length coding BIOGRAPHIES Byung-yup Lee was born in Daejeon, Korea in 1983. He received the B.S degree in Information and Communication Engineering from Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Korea, in 2008. He is currently pursuing the M.S. degree with the Graduate School of Information and Communication, National Hanbat University. His major research interests include SoC, VLSI, image processing and its hardware design. . His current research interests are CAD for VLSI, clock layout synthesis, SoC platform design and verification, hardware/software codesign/co-verification, and multimedia encoder/decoder design.

With the addition of ethanol to wax gourd extract and by acetic fermentation, 5.0% acidity vinegar was produced. After putting 10% extract(10% concentration) of Chrysanthemum zawadskii in this, and by dissolving shell, Chrysanthemum zawadskii-pearl vinegar was produced. When a 1% of ark shell, oyster shell, or ear shell was added to wax gourd vinegar, 95.6～98.4% of the shell dissolved, and when a 2% content of shell was added, 97.2～98.4% was dissolved. The acidity of vinegar which dissolved 1% shell was pH 3.0～3.17, and the acidity of vinegar which dissolved 2% shell was pH 1.11～ 1.20. The pH values of vinegar which dissolved 1%, and 2% shell contents were 4.54～4.55, and 4.86～4.95, respectively. When 1% shell was dissolved, the acidity was higher than that of commercial vinegar, with a high pH value and low level of free acid. This shows that when Chrysanthemum zawadskii 1% is added during acetic acid fermentation, the inhibition was 44.4%, and 22.2% respectively. In this regard, Chrysanthemum zawadskii should be added after the fermentation of acetic acid. The calcium content of 1% shell vinegar is 0.4%, and that of 2% vinegar is 0.78%. Non-heated native wax gourd shows an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition rate of 21.7%, an antioxidant activity of 5.23%, and a tyrosinase inhibition rate of 5.5%. In the case of heated-extracted wax gourd, the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition rate was 16.1%, superoxide dismutase activity was 20.5%, antioxidant activity was 23.2%, and the tyrosinase inhibition rate was 7.1%. Also, in the case of Chrysanthemum zawadskii, the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition rate was 28.8%, the xanthine oxidase inhibition rate was 28.2%, the superoxide dismutase activity was 14.5%, the antioxidant activity was 3.2%, and the tyrosinase inhibition rate was 9.2% Data also revealed that when a 10% sample of the heated-wax gourd extract was added to A549 human lung cancer epithelial cells of, the number of cancer cells declined by 80% in 72 hours, When a 10% native extract was added, the number of cells declined by, 74% in 48 hours, and when a heated-extract of Chrysanthemum zawadskii was added, 100% of the cells died after 72 hours.