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Malaria and typhoid co-infection is of tremendous public health concern in Nigeria and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa. The prevalence of the co-infection was investigated in Uyo, the capital of Akwa Ibom State. A total of one hundred (100) blood samples were collected from patients with signs and symptoms of malaria and typhoid. These were then examined for malaria parasite using Giemsa stained thick blood films and typhoid fever using widal tube and agglutination tests. Positive widal samples with titre values greater ≥1:80 were regarded as significant and further subjected to blood culture. The socio-demographic factors examined revealed that about 43% were males and 57% were females. About 41% tested positive to malaria despite 85% admitting being on local and orthodox antimalarial therapies during presentation. A total of 64 (64%) gave significant titre (≥ 1/80) for Salmonella, however, only 11 (17%) of these gave positive blood cultures. Interestingly, those with positive blood cultures were also co-infected with malaria.

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The prevalence of Vibrio species in shellfish and their seasonal variability in the Great Kwa River estuary (GKWE) were examined. Results revealed a trimodal peak in Vibrio counts, coinciding with meteorological changes and the hot periods of the year. The estuary was constantly faecally polluted, coupled with high rates of infection of shellfish by V. parahaemolyticus 42 (13.6%), V. cholerae non-01 29 (9.4%) and V. alginolyticus 22 (7.1%), thus posing a health risk. The observed seasonal variability and prevalence of Vibrio species infection are of epidemiological significance, and provide a guide for effective control of associated cholera epidemics.