Lozano-Povis et al.-101-REVIEW Climate change in the Andes and its impact on agriculture: a systematic review El cambio climático en los andes y su impacto en la agricultura: una revisión sistemática

No abstract

At present, the life zones have undergone great changes due to anthropic activities, so the present study was carried out with the aim of identifying and characterizing the life zones of the Satipo district. The applied methodology was the Holdridge life zone classification, the meteorological variables were analyzed, the vegetation cover was identified, also using the ArcGIS, QGIS, ENVI and Microsoft Excel software, the data analysis and field information were processed. In the investigation of bioclimatic factors they show that there are four important determinants: annual biotemperature, mean annual accumulation, humidity provinces and attitudinal levels. Noticing the decline of forests, overpopulation, among others, many companies are choosing to reduce products that lead to the loss of life zones. In the district of Satipo, three life zones were identified and two of a transitory nature of the one hundred and twenty-three existing ones.

The diversity of Plants in the Andes is a complex stochastic network, this diversity is characterized by being distributed in three main families: Asteraceae, Poaceae and Rosaceae. The first two are the most diverse and have the Gynoxis and Chusquea genera respectively as the most dominant woody individuals in the last altitudinal floors above 3200 m. a. s. l. However, the Rosaceae family has less richness, it includes the genus Polylepis, present in the last tree line limit above 4300 m.a.s.l. This is the case of mono-specific forests of Polylepis rodolfo-vasquezii, a species highly threatened by anthropogenic impacts such as logging, burning, and llama-sheep farming. These forests are relict and generate a nurse effect, which allows the existence of important diversity such as Gynoxis nitida, Miconia latifolia, Bomarea dulcis and Displostephium rupestri and Brachyotum rostratum. However, the impacts generate complex plants diversity responses, where the nurse effect can become into a competition effect, especially with Gynoxis nítida, which can take advantage of the ecological niche to promote the increase in abundance of its young individuals against those of P. rodolfo-vasquezii, which is reduced by anthropic activities.