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The essential oil of Artemisia judaica L. growing spontaneously in In-Amenas in southern Algeria (desert region) was investigated by GC and GC-MS. Essential oil was isolated from the aerial parts by hydrodistillation in 0.70% yield. Sixty-two components were identified, amounting to 95.1% of the oil. The main components were piperitone (61.9%), terpinen-4-ol (4.6%) and bornyl acetate (3.0%). Isolation of the Essential OilThe essential oil of the air-dried aerial parts of A. judaica L. was obtained by hydrodistillation for 3 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The essential oil was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and stored in a sealed vial at 4°C until analysis. GC AnalysisGC analysis was performed on a Chrompack CP 9002 chromatograph, using a fused silica capillary column with DB-1 stationary phase. The various parameters fixed for the DB-1 column were: 30 m × 0.32 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness; column temperature programme, 50°C for 3 min, rising at 2°C/min to 260°C, then held for 5 min; FID-detector heaters, 280°C; injector heaters, 250°C; carrier gas, nitrogen at a flow rate of 1 ml/min; split ratio, 1:50; injection volume, 0.2 µl. In order to determine retention indices (RI), a series of n-alkanes (C 5 -C 28 )