Indigo carmine is a blue synthetic dye widely used in textile industry, as a food additive, in pharmaceutical industries, and as pH indicator. The use of this dye can leave to contamination of waste water and environment, damaging aquatic fauna and flora. An alternative for the treatment of water contaminated by dyes would be the degradation through oxidative processes. In this work, the indigo carmine degradation through a heterogeneous Fenton process using fly ash, an industrial waste, as Fe(II) source, was evaluated.. The dye final concentration was quantified by ultraviolet/visible light absorption spectroscopy. The optimal reaction conditions were determined using factorial design. The results showed that fly ash is able to remove approximately 42 % of the indigo carmine dye from solution without any pre-treatment.

KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE BIOSORPTION OF Pb(II) IN BATCH AND WITHOUT AGITATION USING ANNATTO SHELLSO estudo da remoção de metais pesados através da biossorção utilizando materiais naturais e alternativos possui grande importância em tratamento de efluentes, promovendo a redução dos impactos ambientais.  Além disso, materiais sustentáveis de baixo custo e que geralmente são descartados podem ser usados como adsorventes, como a casca de urucum. Neste trabalho, realizou-se a biossorção de íons Pb (II) em batelada utilizando casca de urucum como biossorvente, nas temperaturas de 32 e 40°C. Caracterizou-se as partículas do biossorvente quanto ao seu tamanho, estudou-se a cinética e os mecanismos da biossorção, bem como seus parâmetros termodinâmicos. Foi possível verificar que a eficiência da biossorção do chumbo nessas condições, atingindo remoções superiores a 85% dessa espécie metálica em soluções aquosas diluídas. O modelo cinético que descreve o processo foi o de pseudo-segunda ordem, a energia de ativação de 77,36 kJ mol-1 e a biossorção pode ser classificada como química. Ademais, o processo mostrou-se não espontâneo e exotérmico.The study of the removal of heavy metals through biosorption using natural and alternative materials is a great importance in the treatment of effluents, improving the reduction of environmental impacts. In addition, sustainable and low-cost materials which are usually discharded can be used as sorbent, as annatto shells. In this work, the biosorption of Pb (II) ions in batch system without agitation using annatto shells as biosorbent was performed, at 32°C and 40°C. The biosorbent particles were characterized according to their size, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, furthermore, its mechanisms were studied. It was possible to verify the biosorption efficiency under these conditions, achieving removals of more than 85% of lead in dilute aqueous solutions. The kinetic model that describes the process was the pseudo-second order, the activation energy is 77.36 kJ mol-1 and the biosorption can be classified as chemical. In addition, the process proved to be non-spontaneous and exothermic.

Objective To verify the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in use and possible associated factors in older adults and the agreement between two assessment tool in Primary Health Care (PHC) contex Methods Cross-sectional study. The prevalence of older adults in use of PIM and associated factors were estimated. First of all was calculated the frequency of drugs, among those used, considered PIM. Classification as PIM was based on the 2019 Beers Criteria and the 2016 Brazilian Consensus on Potentially Inappropriate Medications 2016 (BCPIM) for the older adults. The agreement between the two classifications was also evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression models were estimated. Association was evaluated by Odds Ratio (OR). Kappa was calculated for agreement between both classifications. Results The prevalence of older adults using MPI was 32.9%, according to Beers Criteria and 27.6% according to the BCPIM. The reports of diabetes (OR=1.96), depression (OR=2.25) and polypharmacy (OR=4.11) were associated (p<0.001) with the use of inappropriate medication, according to the Beers Criteria. Older adults who were very satisfied with their own health were less likely to use inappropriate medication both according to the Beers Criteria (OR=0.02) and the BCPIM (OR=0.09). Agreement between classifications was considered good (k=0.75, p<0.001). Conclusion Reports of diabetes and depression, polypharmacy and negative self-rated health and satisfaction were associated with PIM’s use. The associations were similar between the two classifications, indicating that both are relevant in identifying PIM use in older adults in the context of PHC.