While the characterisation of intermetallic coverage and intermetallic phase (IP) growth in gold ball bonding on aluminium is quite well understood, there is relatively little literature concerning the morphology and growth of 1P's between Cu halls bonded on aluminium pad metallisation.The difference between Cu-AI IP growth compared with the well known Au-AI IP's has been studied mainly of larger wire diameter (35-50pm) in the early 1980's. Cu wire ball bonding has been established for many years mainly for high power devices at wire diameters >= 38pm and fine wire for discrete device applications. However, there is now interest in fine pitch Cu wire ball bonding at smaller wire diameters of 25pm and smaller for high pin count applications, driven mainly by cost reduction. Development and optimisation of robust copper wire bonding processes for such applications requires an assessment of intermetallic coverage and Cu-AI intermetallic growth after isothermal aging. This paper describes the problems associated with coverage determination, some characteristics of Cu-AI and Au-AI intermetallic compounds and characterises the difference in the IP growth between Au-AI and Cu-AI. The relative merits of gold and copper ballhonding are also briefly discussed.

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A comparison study on the reliability of gold (Au) and copper (Cu) wire bonding is conducted to determine their corrosion and oxidation behavior in different environmental conditions. The corrosion and oxidation behaviors of Au and Cu wire bonding are determined through soaking in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution and high temperature storage (HTS) at 175 °C, 200 °C and 225 °C . Galvanic corrosion is more intense in Cu wire bonding as compared to Au wire bonding in NaCl solution due to the minimal formation of intermetallics in the former. At all three HTS annealing temperatures, the rate of Cu-Al intermetallic formation is found to be three to five times slower than Au-Al intermetallics. The faster intermetallic growth rate and lower activation energy found in this work for both Au/Al and Cu/Al as compared to literature could be due to the thicker Al pad metallization which removed the rate-determining step in previous studies due to deficit in Al material.