Programme Hospitalier Recherche Clinique, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, French Public Health Agency.

We characterized 53 OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (OXA-48-Kp) isolated between 2011 and 2013 in 21 French hospitals. All the isolates were genotyped using MLST and PFGE and the population structure of the species was determined by a nucleotide-based analysis of the entire K. pneumoniae MLST database. Most of the OXA-48-Kp isolates also produced CTX-M-15 and remained susceptible to imipenem and meropenem. The isolates were distributed into 20 STs, of which five were dominant (ST15, ST101, ST147, ST395 and ST405). All the OXA-48-Kp clustered in the major clade of K. pneumoniae KpI.

This first large national study indicates the need for thorough epidemiological monitoring and a stewardship programme to prevent and detect mupirocin resistance in staphylococci.

A careful detection of bla(CTX-M)-type spread to other species would help to anticipate clonal endemics such as those observed in Enterobacter aerogenes TEM-24.

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