Between 1988 and 1995, 1832 HIV positive patients were evaluated in our institution. We studied the epidemiologic, immunologic and bacteriologic data, laboratory tests, and X-Ray films in those with musculoskeletal infection. We reviewed twenty-one cases of musculoskeletal infection in twenty patients aged 23-35 years (mean 28,6 years, M:F= 15:5). In all of them risk factor for HIV was intravenous drug abuse. The number of CD4 positive lymphocytes ranged from 0,003 to 0,5 10(9)/l. Staphylococcus aureus was the organism responsible of the infection in twelve cases, all active intravenous drug abusers at the time the diagnosis was done. The remaining causative agents were: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (3 cases), Candida albicans (2 cases), Salmonella subgroup 1 (1 case), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1 case), Pseudomona aeruginosa (1 case) and Streptococcus agalactiae (1 case). Fifteen infections were diagnosed between 1988 and 1991 and 6 between 1992 and 1995. Musculoskeletal infectious lesions in HIV positive patients in our country are related in the majority of cases to intravenous drug abuse. In the last four years due to a National medical health care plan conducted to educate this group of people the number of musculoskeletal infections is decreasing.

PurposeGastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are a heterogeneous group of low incidence neoplasms characterized by a low proliferative activity and slow growth. Their response to targeted therapies is heterogeneous and often does not lead to tumor shrinkage. Thus, evaluation of the therapeutic response should differ from other kind of tumors.MethodsTo answer relevant questions about which techniques are best in the assessment of progression or treatment response a RAND/UCLA-based consensus process was implemented. Relevant clinical questions were listed followed by a systematic search of the literature. The expert panel answered all questions with recommendations, combining available evidence and expert opinion. Recommendations were validated through a questionnaire and a participatory meeting.ResultsExpert recommendations regarding imaging tools for tumor assessment and evaluation of progression were agreed upon. Available imaging techniques were reviewed and recommendations for best patient monitoring practice and the best way to evaluate treatment response were formulated.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s12094-018-1881-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background: In Colombia, colorectal cancer is the third neoplasm with the most incidence, with 9140 new cases in 2018. The objective of this study is to make a description using real-world data of the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients according to location, in a cancer reference institution in Colombia.Methods: This is an observational study of a cohort of patients with adenocarcinoma of colon and rectum. We did follow up for 51 months and analyzed molecular, epidemiological and clinical characteristics and overall survival (OSm). We use Kaplan-Meier as survival analysis.Results: Forty patients were included, 42% had left colon cancer, 28% had rectum cancer and 30% right colon cancer. The distribution according to the sex was: left colon 70.5% female/29.5% male, in rectum 45.4% female/54.5% male, In right colon: 33.3% female/66.6% male. The 50% of the patients at the time of diagnosis had a level of CEA less than 5 ng and 25% had a CEA greater than 10ng. There were no differences in age according to location, the average was 60 years. At the time of diagnosis 32.5% were stage IV, 30% stage III, 22.5% stage II, and 10% stage I. The distribution of these stages according to location were: In left colon 38.8% stage IV, 27,7% stage III, 22.2% stage II and 5% stage I, in the rectum 36.3% stage IV, 27.2% stage III, 9% stage II and 27.2% stage I. For the right colon was: 16.6% stage IV, 50% stage III, 33.3% stage II and 0% stage I. In the cohort of patients with metastatic disease, concerning to molecular characteristics, the presence of RAS mutation was found in 50%, BRAF mutation in 7%, high MSI in 18%, and in relation to localization, the right colon had a 100% of RAS mutation, while left colon 28.6%, in rectum was 50% . In the context of advanced disease there was not differences in the average age between right and left colon. In the survival analysis the OSm in stage IV was 16m in right colon cancer vs 27,6m in left colon cancer and in rectum cancer was 21m. According with RAS status, in patients with mutation the OSm was 20m and in wild type 25m. Conclusion:FETs have a favorable prognosis regardless of the histological type and site of occurrence, specifically when managed with successful surgical resection.Legal entity responsible for the study: The author.

White adipose tissue is crucial in various physiological processes. In response to high caloric intake, adipose tissue may expand by generating new adipocytes. Adipocyte precursor cells (progenitors and preadipocytes) are essential for generating mature adipocytes, and single- cell RNA sequencing provides new means to identify these populations. Here, we characterized adipocyte precursor populations in the skin, an adipose depot with rapid and robust generation of mature adipocytes. We identified a new population of immature preadipocytes, revealed a biased differentiation potential of progenitor cells, and identified Sox9 as a critical factor in driving progenitors toward adipose commitment, the first known mechanism of progenitor differentiation. These findings shed light on the specific dynamics and molecular mechanisms underlying rapid adipogenesis in the skin.

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