Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissues outside the uterus. It affects females in their reproductive years as it is believed to be an oestrogen dependent condition. The estimated prevalences of endometriosis in the general population are as high as 10%, and are increased in females with subfertility.The diagnosis of endometriosis is usually suspected clinically, and confirmed by transvaginal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis. The gold standard of diagnosis is surgical visual inspection of the pelvic organs by an experienced surgeon during laparoscopy.Positive histology will confirm the diagnosis; but negative histology does not exclude it. Serum CA 125 levels may be increased in endometriosis, but is a poor diagnostic tool as compared to laparoscopy.The management of endometriosis is dependent on whether the primary problem is pain or subfertility. The primary objectives of the interventions include the removal of endometriotic implants, nodules or cysts, restoration of normal anatomy, reduction of disease progression and symptomatic relief. Treatment must be individualized, taking into consideration the impact of the condition on the quality of life. This may require a multidisciplinary approach involving the pain clinic and counselling services.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract