This randomised clinical trial suggests that PDT with ALA of 10% concentration offers better efficacy and safety than 5% or 20% concentration for generalised recalcitrant facial verruca plana.

SUMMARY BackgroundTumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) is involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). However, results on the association between the polymorphisms in TNF-a promoter and the risk of CD are inconsistent.

Gastroenterostomy performed entirely by NOTES using an occluder was technically feasible in this survival animal model.