In ERM surgery, 23-G and 25-G (MIVS) systems are as safe and effective as the 20-G system, and significantly reduce surgical time. Although the 25-G system provides an earlier visual improvement, the 23- and 25- gauge systems are comparable, and the selection will depend on the surgeon's preference.

In summary, paracentral MHs are uncommon complications which can occur at the site where ILM peeling has been initiated or completed. Except for the closest holes to fovea, they have good visual prognosis and do not require any treatment underlining the importance of initiating the ILM peeling as far as possible from the fovea.

95-3 ± 8-2 cm .s~' to 63-0 ±5-7 cm .s~' (P< 0001) and mid-diastolic deceleration of transmitral velocity decreased from 437-3 ±54-2 cm . s^2 to 239-7 ±54-4 cm . s~2 (P<001). The peak filling velocity during atrial contraction (peak A) did not change P = NS). The ratio peak E/peak A decreasedfrom 1-19±006 to 0-85 ± 004 (P < 001)

The results of vitrectomy were not different in terms of anatomical and visual outcomes and surgical complications between eyes without tractional DME and eyes with tractional DME.

ILM peeling not only reduces the likelihood of reproliferation of ERM but also seems to improve the visual prognosis of recurrent ERMs. The use of dyes did not reduce the rate of recurrence compared with when ILM was peeled without dyes.