Introduction: Nursing care implies an interpersonal process between a sick person and a healthy one, and the communication is a fundamental element within these relationships. Objective: To reflect on these interpersonal relationships, and the transcendence which communication has on care. Methods: With tools such as Academic Google and databases such as PubMed-MEDLINE and ScieLo, a review of diverse systematic and narrative research articles, both qualitative and quantitative, was carried out. From a total of 120 articles found, 58 which fulfilled the selection criteria---men and women between 18 and 60 years old, published between 2008 and 2013, focused on any of the three levels of attention, in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, and with full texts -were chosen. Results: Five groups were established according to the content and results to describe the most significant issues around this kind of personal relationships. Conclusions: Those selected articles mainly consider the area of intensive care, and the area of observation of grave or terminal patients. Considering the value of verbal communication, the importance of non-verbal communication is also highlighted. Although, it is observed that the development of technology has contributed to improve the health of patients, sometimes it has also become a barrier to personal relationships. Moreover, excessive workloads displace further an acknowledgment of the importance which effective nurse-patient personal relationships have.
BackgroundNurse-patient communication has been established as a key component of professional healthcare. The present study examined the patients' perception of the verbal and non-verbal communication skills of nurses. Although the Caring Assessment Tool (CAT) stands among the instruments available to evaluate these communication skills, cultural and schooling characteristics limit its direct applicability to the Mexican context.
Recibido 8 agosto 2014; aceptado 30 octubre 2014 PALABRAS CLAVE Relaciones Enfermero-paciente; Entrenamiento en habilidades sociales; México
ResumenIntroducción: Las relaciones interpersonales que realizan las enfermeras al brindar cuidado a sus pacientes se sustentan en la comunicación; la incorporación de programas en habilidades para la comunicación coadyuva en la mejora de la calidad de atención. Objetivo: Comparar la autoevaluación de un grupo de enfermeras respecto a la comunicación con sus pacientes como resultado de un programa de entrenamiento en habilidades sociales. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo comparativo. Se aplicó el ACEP (Autoevaluación de la forma de Comunicación de las Enfermeras con los Pacientes) a 14 enfermeras de una institución pública de tercer nivel, antes y después de un entrenamiento en habilidades de comunicación. El ACEP evalúa comportamientos verbales y no verbales sobre empatía (8 reactivos) y respeto (2 reactivos); la escala de medición oscila entre 1 y 5, a mayor puntuación mejor comunicación. Se analizaron datos con las siguientes pruebas estadísticas: Wilcoxon para comparar pre y postentrenamiento; t de Student y Fisher para comparación de grupos por edad, antigüedad laboral y escolaridad. Resultados: El puntaje global inicial fue de 33 a 45 y el posterior de 41 a 50, con p = 0.004. Se observó diferencia entre la pre y la postautoevaluación de los comportamientos: uso palabras de ánimo para motivarlos (p = 0.016) y "los apapachó" para animarlos (p = 0.014). No hubo diferencia entre los grupos por edad, antigüedad laboral y escolaridad.
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