Background: Human milk banking depends on donations and characterization of donors seems important. We aimed to determine prevalence of human milk donors and profile of regular donors and their infants.Methods: Cross-sectional study done on human milk donors in model HMB in tertiary NICU for six months.  Donors who had donated for more than 30% of their hospital stay considered as regular donors. Their sociodemographic and clinical profile along with their infant status recorded from history, examination and health records.Results: Prevalence of Human milk donors in our HMB was 71.3% and that of regular donors was 27.08%. 616 eligible to donate. 234 regular donors included separating 382 defaulters. Excluding 17, 217 regular donors enrolled. Religious beliefs did not deter donation. 65.43% had school education. 90% donors belonged to middle socioeconomic class. Three fourths already had 2 living children. Majority delivered vaginally (62.67%) in health facility offering level II neonatal NICU care (42.86%). Regular donors stayed in hospital with their sick infants for mean (SD) period of 13 (4.21) days. Mean (SD) Post-natal age of commencement of milk donation among regular donors was 9 (3.47) days. Breast-feeding rate was 87.09%. Regular donors had delivered very low birth weight (42.86%), SGA (53.46%) infants who stayed in hospital for mean (SD) duration 18 (6.86) days.Conclusions: The prevalence of Human milk donors in our HMB was 71.3%. Only one third of them were regular donors. No religious barriers for donation observed. Educated socioeconomically secure multiparous donors made sustained donations. Health status and length of Postnatal stay in hospital of mothers and infants seemed to have a bearing on sustained donation.

Background: Congenital Cyanotic Heart Disease (CCHD) is under reported during neonatal period and mortality rate is high in India. Aims and objectives of the study determine clinical presentation, maternal and neonatal risk factors and outcome of CCHD during neonatal period.Methods: A retrospective study conducted over 15-month period during March 2017 to June 2018 in a tertiary out born NICU. Neonates with echocardiographically confirmed case of structurally abnormal heart disease were analyzed.Results: Among 106 CCHD neonates, 60% neonates were asymptomatic, 22% had persistent cyanosis and 19% had tachypneic at birth. Cyanosis (35%) and tachypnea (30%) were common initial presentation in postnatal period. 22% neonates were readmitted with initial clinical symptom after discharge from birthing centre. CCHD were more common in male and term neonate, 34% were small for age, median age at admission and discharge were 5days (2-12) and 5 days (2.7-9.2) days respectively. Nineteen percent neonates had fetal distress and 6% neonates required aggressive resuscitation at birth. First trimester abortion (16%), maternal diabetes (10%) and hypothyroidism (7%) were common maternal risk factor. Nearly 20% neonates were diagnosed at referring hospital and 4.7% were transported with PGE1 during transport. TGA (17%) was most common lesion noted followed by pulmonary atresia (10%). Fourteen percent neonates died during the neonatal period. Disease specific death rate was highest for Single ventricle (42%) followed by TGA with IVS (37.5%) and aortic arch anomaly (28.5%) in this study.Conclusions: Early diagnosis and management may improve the survival in CCHD neonates.

ongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains one of the most difficult problems of the perinatology and neonatal surgery. Western literature showing 90% of survival rate is not reflected in our population. Initial stabilization of the neonate with advanced ventilatory techniques and optimal management of associated pulmonary hypertension by the neonatologist has significantly lowered the operative mortality in developed countries. However, the mortality rate in developing countries is still 40-50% [1]. Several predictors of mortality have been suggested, including polyhydramnios, early prenatal diagnosis, intrathoracic stomach, intrathoracic liver, presence of associated anomalies, right-sided hernia, and low Apgar scores [2].Hence, this study was carried out to analyze the clinical profile of neonates with CDH and determines the risk factors associated with mortality in these neonates. RESULTSCase records of 148 patients with a diagnosis CDH were reviewed. The mean age at admission, birth weight, sex, and

Background: Effective breastfeeding becomes an art with experience. Correct position and attachment is the first step necessary for exclusive breast feeding. However, studies assessing correct position and attachment for breastfeeding in South India are sparse. Hence our study aimed to assess the percentage of mother infant dyads with correct breastfeeding position and attachment along with factors influencing them in a Tertiary care Hospital.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the stable dyads in Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology using quasi random sampling. 101 dyads were observed for correct position, attachment and effective suckling using WHO B-R-E-A-S-T feed observation form and were scored. Data was analyzed using SPSS software with chi square test, univariate logistic regression and spearman correlation test.Results: Among the 101 dyads, only 30.7% of them had good or average position, 52.47% had good or average attachment and 62.3% had effective suckling at breast. There was significant correlation between breast problem in mother with incorrect position and poor attachment. NICU stay and breast problems were significantly associated with poor attachment. Effective suckling improved significantly as gestational age matured and in infants who had no NICU stay.Conclusions: Practical demonstration on how to hold infants in correct breastfeeding position and drilling with key points for correct position and attachment as soon as possible after delivery will go a long way for promoting exclusive and effective breastfeeding by learning correct technique. Rechecking after counselling will reinforce this learned art.