Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using endophytic fungal species, Penicillium species from Glycosmis mautitiana. Phytochemicals, namely tannins, saponins, terpenoids and flavonoids, were identified in Penicillium species extracts, and act as agents of reducing and capping in the conversion of silver nanoparticles into nanoparticles. Using SEM, UV-spectroscopy and XRD, the Penicillium species silver nanoparticles (PsAgNPs) were characterized. The PsAgNPs are shown to be strong antioxidants (DDPH and FRAP), have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties by three different methods in vitro and strongly inhibited the activity of xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase and tyrosine kinase. E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacterial species were strongly inhibited by PsAgNPs activity at maximum levels and SEM picture of P. aeruginosa confirms these effects and that they were shrunken due to the toxic effect of PsAgNPs.

In the present study, Penicillium species extract isolated from Calophyllum apetalum was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and it was confirmed by changing the color of the silver nitrate UV–Vis spectrum. The synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized by biophysical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction.

In the current study, we have built up a novel, green approach technique for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from Rauvolfia tetraphylla leaves extract. The synthesized nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized using different analytical techniques like X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope analysis. It is confirmed as a cubic phase with average particle size about 40 nm with a spherical shape. Further, the characterized material was inspected for the photocatalytic degradation of most common environmental pollutants (carcinogenic organic dyes) like Methylene blue (M.B), Rhodamine B (Rh. B) and Rose bengal (R.B) with degradation efficiency of 81, 55 and 80% respectively. In addition, it was examined by optical property (photoluminescence) with blue emission by the excitation at 370 to 400 nm, which is useful for blue LEDs (light emitting diode). Furthermore, it also shows the superior anti-bacterial activity against gram-positive bacterias such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes and gram-negative bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Ag NPs synthesized using Rauvolfia tetraphylla leaf extract exhibited a good photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. Hence, it's a first to report the synthesis of Ag NPs using natural reducing agent Rauvolfia tetraphylla leaf extract for Luminescence and Dye degradation applications.

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