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Endobronchial lipoma is a rare benign lung tumor. Here we present two cases. One case is the first report of the association of and endobronchial lipoma with a hilar lipoma. We discuss the epidemiology, difficulties in establishing the diagnosis, and the management of this rare condition.

Solar lentigines are benign hyperpigmented skin lesions. Despite their widespread distribution, knowledge on the mechanisms of development is largely unknown. A clinical study was designed in which solar lentigines were characterized using various non-invasive clinical techniques. A subset of solar lentigines was followed over a 5-year time period. One hundred and twenty-eight solar lentigines were evaluated using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) for the evaluation of the length and density of their dermal papillae as well as the deformation of the alignment pattern of hyperrefractive basal cells. Skin colour, colour contrast, the size of the solar lentigo, epidermal proliferation rate, melanin and haemoglobin content were quantified. RCM imaging of solar lentigines revealed a profound structural deformation of the dermal papillae, as the alignment pattern of hyperrefractive basal cells shifted from a circle in non-lesional skin to an irregular non-circular shape in solar lentigines. There was a rise in the number of dermal papillae, and these dermal papillae were significantly longer. Solar lentigines had increased melanin and haemoglobin levels and a higher rate of epidermal proliferation. For a subset of nineteen solar lentigines, a longitudinal study was set-up in which these measurements were repeated 5 years after the first evaluation. The deformation and the number of the hyperrefractive dermal papillary rings increased significantly over the 5-year time span. The size of the lesion increased, and the skin colour became darker. RCM is a useful non-invasive clinical tool for the characterization of solar lentigines, in particular the compressive deformation of the dermal papillae. This deformation became more severe over a time period of 5 years. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the in vivo time-dependent progression of solar lentigines was supported by RCM images, contributing to an improved understanding of the formation and progression of solar lentigines.

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma or intravascular lymphomatosis (IVL) is an extremely rare form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The most common clinical sign is fever of unknown origin (FUO). Histologically, there is proliferation of malignant lymphoid cells within vascular lumina. Cytologically, the cells have features similar to those found in classical large cell lymphoma. Examination of pulmonary artery blood showed the presence of this abnormal population in our patient; to the best of our knowledge there are only four other. reports of detection of circulating tumor cells in IVL. The outcome is very poor. The diagnosis is most frequently made after biopsy of skin or brain but is often established post mortem. We present what is--to our knowledge--the first reported case of IVL diagnosed after biopsy of a testicle. In the event of FUO and suspicion of a malignancy, IVL--although very rare--should be one of the differential diagnoses.

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