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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Early surgical intervention has been found to be better in terms of patient satisfaction compared even with the medical management. The objective of the study was to study effectiveness of minimally invasive endoscopic sinus surgery in alleviating the symptom complex in chronic rhino-sinusitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Retrospective review of the chronic rhino-sinusitis data of 164 patients done, who undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery with or without septoplasty between 2005 and 2013. Any recurrence of symptoms and radiological evidence recorded in the patient notes. The number of patients who undergone revision surgery also recorded.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The recurrence rate of symptoms and sinus disease was 20% (33 patients). There was no relation between the severity of the symptoms and the amount of disease seen in the CT scans. The two patients, who had purulent sinusitis, WERE completely relieved of their headaches and resumed their routine work soon after the operation. About 90% patients improved regarding nasal obstruction, 75% patients improved of nasal discharge, 60% patients showed improvement for sneezing. There were adhesions in about 6% patients and polyps recurred in 30% of patients. The recurrence of symptoms improved with medication in majority of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The meticulously performed functional endoscopic surgery effectively improved symptom complex. If properly performed it is effective in alleviating all the symptoms and decrease recurrence rate and complications can be kept at negligible levels. Hence it offers a clear advantage in reducing complications and recurrence rates in sinus disease. </p>

A 12 year old boy was admitted in the medical ward, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences hospital, Karimnagar, with severe dyspnoea of one week duration. During the clinical examination, besides the auscultatory findings, it was observed that the boy was a typical case of Poland's anomaly, characterized by deficiency of the sterno-costal part of Pectoralis major and entire pectoralis minor, minor associated with hypoplastic, thenar and hypothenar muscles. Considering the rarity involved in finding such a sporadic, congenital but non fatal medical condition, knowledge of musculoskeletal anomalies is important for clinicians, orthopedics and plastic surgeons. Keywords: Poland's anomaly; deficiency; musculoskeletal anomalies. DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i3.4074Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 3 pp.40-43

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> There are no published studies that compared amplitude of stacked-Tone ABR and Chirp ABR in hearing impaired individuals with sensorineural hearing loss, which need to be investigated. Objective of the study was to know whether amplitude of standard chirp evoked ABR is same as tone burst evoked stacked ABR in individuals with normal hearing listeners and individuals with sensorineural hearing loss.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Present hospital based cross sectional study was carried out at Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, from January 2016 to December 2016. Two groups of subjects were taken. Group I consisted of 20 ears (14 males and 6 females) with normal hearing. Group II consisted of 20 ears (11 females and 9 males) with cochlear hearing loss.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Wave V Amplitude of stacked tone ABR was higher than Chirp stimuli evoked ABR wave V in both the groups. Amplitude of stacked tone ABR and chirp was smaller for individuals with sensorineural hearing loss than normal hearing. Between the 2 chirp stimuli, standard Chirp ABR amplitude was higher than modified Chirp in normal hearing listeners and individual with sensorineural hearing loss. For modified chirp in individuals with normal hearing and cochlear hearing loss. Latency obtained by standard chirp was longer compared to latency obtained by modified chirp, which is seen in both the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Chirp ABR may be opted over stacked tone ABR in neurological investigations due to its lesser variability in amplitude and shorter duration of testing. </p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most prevalent atopic disease in the world. It involves clinical hypersensitivity of the nasal mucosa to foreign substances mediated through immunoglobulin E antibodies. The quantitative Score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR) ranging between 0 and 16 has been in use from 2002.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 240 patients diagnosed with Persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR) were taken to be part of the study after proper consent irrespective of the severity of symptoms. Each patient filled out the SFAR form before the treatment commenced. Serum IgE levels were noted and treatment was started which included oral and topical antihistamines, oral leukotriene receptor antagonists along with intranasal steroids. The IgE values were assessed along with the SFAR values side by side to look for any association.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> It was noted that the individuals with identified triggers of allergy and those with a positive family history of allergy had a considerable higher IgE value as compared to those who did not. The ones with a trigger identified as a cause had a 54.88% higher IgE value. The ones with positive family history had 47.12% higher IgE than the ones without a history of allergy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Patients with well-defined trigger agents of allergy and positive family history of allergy are at a higher risk as they have a higher IgE value. They should be advised regular follow-ups and be monitored closely.</p>