Inflammation is the supreme biological response to illness. In the Hauts-Bassins region, in traditional medicine, all parts of Cassia sieberiana and Piliostigma thonningii are used to treat hepatitis and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of their aqueous extracts. High performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (HPLC-DAD) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analyses highlighted the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were measured by various methods such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), TAC (total antioxidant capacity), anti-protease, anti-lipoxygenase, and membrane stabilization. The best antioxidant activity was observed in the bark (DPPH: IC50 = 13.45 ± 0.10µg/mL) and roots (TAC = 29.68 ± 1.48 mgAAE/g DW) of Piliostigma thonningii and in the roots (ABTS: IC50 = 1.83 ± 0.34 µg/mL) of Cassia sieberiana. The best anti-inflammatory activity was observed in the bark (anti-lipoxygenase: IC50 = 13.04 ± 1.99 µg/mL) and leaves (anti-proteases: IC50 = 75.74 ± 1.07 µg/mL, membrane stabilization: IC50 = 48.32 ± 6.39 µg/mL) of Cassia sieberiana. Total polyphenols (ABTS: r = −0.679, TAC: r = 0.960) and condensed tannins (ABTS: r = −0.702, TAC: r = 0.701) were strongly correlated with antioxidant activity. Total flavonoids (anti-proteases: r = −0.729), condensed tannins (anti-proteases: r = 0.698), and vitamin C (anti-proteases: r = −0.953) were strongly correlated with anti-inflammatory activity. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins, and vitamin C could contribute to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the two studied plants. These results could validate the traditional use of these plants to treat various inflammatory diseases.

Background Prostate cancer (Pca) is a public health problem that affects men, usually of middle age or older. It is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men and the fifth leading cause of death. The RNASEL gene located in 1q25 and identified as a susceptibility gene to hereditary prostate cancer, has never been studied in relation to prostate cancer in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to analyze the carriage of RNASEL R462Q and D541E mutations and risks factors in patients with prostate cancer in the Burkina Faso. Methods This case-control study included of 38 histologically diagnosed prostate cancer cases and 53 controls (cases without prostate abnormalities). Real-time PCR genotyping of R462Q and D541E variants using the TaqMan® allelic discrimination technique was used. Correlations between different genotypes and combined genotypes were investigated. Results The R462Q variant was present in 5.3% of cases and 7.5% of controls. The D541E variant was present in 50.0% of cases and 35% of controls. There is no association between R462Q variants (OR= 0.60; 95%IC, 0.10 - 3.51; p= 0.686) and D541E variants (OR=2.46; 95%IC, 0.78 - 7.80; p= 0.121) and genotypes combined with prostate cancer. However, there is a statistically significant difference in the distribution of cases according to the PSA rate at diagnosis (p ˂ 0.001). For the Gleason score distribution, only 13.2% of cases have a Gleason score greater than 7. There is a statistically significant difference in the Gleason score distribution of cases (p ˂ 0.001) Conclusions These variants, considered in isolation or in combination, are not associated with the risk of prostate cancer.

L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer les Connaissances, Attitudes et Pratiques (CAP) chez les sportifs face aux conduites dopantes dans la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso au Burkina Faso. Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale, de novembre 2020 à janvier 2021, portant sur 390 sportifs de trois disciplines sportives: football, basketball, et handball. Les données ont été collectées à partir de questionnaires anonymes administrés ou auto-administrés. Au total, 73.1% (285) des sportifs ont participé à l’étude. Le sexe masculin était majoritaire, soit un sex-ratio de 2.47 et l’âge moyen des sportifs était de 21.4±3.68 ans. De plus, 69.12% (197) des sportifs ont déclaré avoir des connaissances sur le dopage ou sur les conduites dopantes et que les canaux privilégiés étaient les mass médias (55.79%) et les amis (10.18%). A l’issue de l’enquête CAP, 76.84% (219) ont déclaré pratiqué les conduites dopantes (p<0.001) et le football était de loin le sport qui favorisait ces conduites (p<0.001). Les conduites dopantes étaient corrélées positivement avec le sexe masculin (p<0.001), l’âge élevé du sportif (p=0.009) et son faible niveau d’instruction (p=0.006). Par ailleurs, les substances utilisées citées pour ces conduites étaient des produits pharmaceutiques, non pharmaceutiques et 9.82% (28) des sportifs utilisaient des plantes médicinales locales. L’amphétamine, une substance interdite, a été utilisée par 0.15% des sportifs. L’étude revèle que les participants ont une conduite dopante élevée et un manque d’information sur ces conduites. Des recommandations ont été formulées à leur regard afin de leur éviter les dangers liés au dopage. This study focuses on evaluating the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of sportsmen and women on doping behaviour in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso. It was a cross-sectional study, from November 2020 to January 2021, consisting of 390 athletes in three sports: football, basketball, and handball. The data were collected by using anonymous administered questionnaires or self-administered questionnaires. A total of 73.1% (285) of the athletes agreed to participate in the study. The majority were male, with a sex ratio of 2.47, and the mean age of the athletes was 21.4±3.68 years. 69.12% (197) of the athletes also stated that they had knowledge about doping or doping behaviour, and the source of this information was from mass media (55.79%) and friends (10.18%). From the KAP survey, 76.84% (219) declared that they practised doping behaviour (p<0.001) and football was the sport that favoured this behaviour (p<0.001). Doping behaviours were positively correlated with male gender (p<0.001), older age (p=0.009), and lower education level (p=0.006). The substances used were pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical, while 9.82% (28) of the athletes used local medicinal plants. Amphetamine, an illegal substance, was used by 0.15% of the athletes. The study further reveals that participants have a high level of doping behaviour and a lack of information about these behaviours. Recommendations were formulated for them to avoid the dangers of doping.

Damage to the environment constitutes a new type of criminality to which conventional criminal penalties are not always well-suited. For this reason, the legal Systems in France and Burkina Faso have developed several alternative and complementary sanctions in addition to conventional penalties. Some of these sanctions are imposed by the judge in criminal law proceedings. Examples of such approaches include positive obligations to undertake certain actions, such as restoration and work in the public interest : these penalties are clearly useful for environmental protection but are not yet widely applied. Other alternative and complementary sanctions are just as useful : measures such as the loss or restriction of certain rights, advertising measures and confiscation are often imposed in order better to adapt criminal sanctions to the environmental field. The administration also has important powers to impose environmental sanctions, not only through mechanisms for seulement or compromise but also by the occasional imposition of penalties in rem on the offender. However, this can raise problems of cumulative penalties which conflicts with the principle of proportionality in penalty-setting.