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ABSTRACT. Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez. is a tree species that naturally occurs in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and structure of a natural population of 12 N. megapotamica individuals using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Eleven primers were used in this study, producing 81 bands, of which 98.99% were polymorphic. Analysis using STRUCTURE defined three different clusters (K = 3), results that were consistent with those of principal coordinates analysis. Both Nei's genetic diversity (h = 0.33) and Shannon's diversity index (I = 0.49) were relatively high. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that 24.89% of the genetic variability was among clusters, while the remaining 75.11% was within clusters. The Mantel test showed a weak correlation between genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.25, P = 0.105). Overall, the results revealed high levels of genetic diversity within clusters and high genetic differentiation among clusters without any spatial pattern of genetic variability. In addition, gene flow was independent of the geographical distribution and was compatible with the hierarchical island model.

ABSCTRACT: Eugenia involucrata DC. is a forest species with high environmental and economic potential. The objective of this study was to quantify the genetic variability and analyzed the genetic structure of three natural fragments located in the central region of the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. We used four microsatellite loci developed for the congener species Eugenia uniflora and using GenAlEx 6.5 software, parameters of genetic variability and its partition among and within fragments were estimated for each locus. We observed high levels of genetic variability (3.67 alleles per locus; HO = 0.815; HE = 0.625; FIS = −0.294), most of which (93%) were distributed within the fragments, suggesting that these individuals came from a single original population. Gene flow between fragments was high (2.35 to 4.56 migrants per generation), resulting in low genetic differentiation indexes (FST values ranging from 0.052 to 0.096). The fragments showed high genetic variability, distributed within the remnants themselves, and low genetic differentiation. Our results have repercussions for planning locally adapted germplasm collections for forest restoration programs, thereby avoiding the implantation of populations with an exogamous depression.

Eugenia involucrata é uma espécie florestal nativa do Brasil com grande potencial para uso madeireiro, frutícola e medicinal. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a influência de fitorreguladores e da luminosidade sobre a calogênese em discos foliares de Eugenia involucrata. Foi conduzido um experimento bifatorial (2x5), cujos tratamentos consistiram na combinação da ausência ou presença de luz durante o cultivo e de cinco diferentes empregos de fitorreguladores: ANA, 2,4-D, BAP e as combinações ANA + BAP e 2,4-D + BAP, todos a 5 μM, em meio nutritivo MS. Após 45 dias de cultivo in vitro foi observado que a ausência de luz durante o período de cultivo reduz a oxidação fenólica favorecendo, assim, a calogênese , especialmente na presença de ANA e das combinações ANA + BAP e 2,4-D + BAP. O uso de 2,4-D e de BAP, isoladamente, não é favorável à calogênese em discos foliares de Eugenia involucrata.