inTroducTion: Road traffic accidents are globally leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Alcohol is among the most frequently used pleasure-inducing substances in the world. Use of motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol is completely illegal in some countries. However, it is allowed up to a certain level of ethanol in blood in other countries. Traffic accidents caused by alcohol consumption are known to cause more harm on health of individuals. The alcohol affects nervous system. Alcohol slows reflexes and impairs balance. In other words, alcohol intake reduces capability of individuals while using any motor vehicle. This study aims to search the health care cost of individuals who had traffic accidents under the influence of alcohol. MeThods: This present study included 657 patients who were admitted to the E.R. resulting from traffic accidents between the dates 01.01.2017-01.06.2017. Demographic information of the patients, their time of hospital admission, medical analyses and examinations, the cost of those analyses and examinations, and their ethanol levels were recorded. resulTs: 657 patients were included in the study. 460 (68.1) of those patients were males. Their age average was 35.57 ± 15.18. 61 (9.0%) of the patients were seen to have ethanol positive blood. The health care expenditures of ethanol positive patients were found to be 374,75 ± 251,3 TL whereas the expenditures of ethanol free patients were identified to be 283,17 ± 222,72 TL. The health care expenditures of ethanol positive patients were seen to have substantially increased. (p = 0,003). conclusions: Alcohol intake is known to be a leading cause of traffic accidents that generally results in deaths and heavy injuries. This present study displays that traffic accidents caused by alcohol consumption increases the cost of health care as well.

Daylight saving time (DST) is a period between spring and fall when clocks in most parts of the United States are set one hour ahead of standard time. 1 The DST starts on the last Sunday of March and ends on the last Sunday of October. The start and end dates are set as per the by-laws. 2,3 However, it has been implemented permanent in Turkey since 2016. Changes in DST can cause circadian rhythm disturbance and may have harmful effects on our health. Transition into and out of DST affects the social and environmental scheduling twice a year. Even a small change in the timeline can cause significant stress for the body. 4 Moreover, circadian rhythm disturbance caused by sleep delay can lead to various afflictions such as sleep quality disturbance, insomnia, fatigue, headache and attention-deficit disorder. Previous studies have demonstrated that this change in the timeline leads to disturbance of sleep and a breakdown of the circadian rhythm. Thus, such effects of changes in DST may increase the number of road traffic collisions that may occur during the days following the transition date. 3-5

INTRODUCTION: Carbon monoxide is still a public health problem in developing countries. Brain and heart tissues are mostly affected by intoxications. Carbon monoxide poisoning causes the development of cardiac ischemia and cardiac conduction disorders. Our aim is to study the associations of NRL with cardiac indicators in patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning.