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Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) play significant role on the practical applications of water splitting for producing clean fuel. Although some low‐cost metal oxides are active on catalyzing OER and HER, the instinct drawback of sluggish charges carriers transfer mobility decrease the reactions kinetic and hinder their application. To overcome the issue, CoV oxide is successfully built‐up with a CoOV structure to eliminate energy barrier during carriers transfer by the spin‐flip hopping process, which can be coated on various substrate to stimulate OER and HER. Moreover, the V “bridge” between CoO bonds stimulates the OER through more effective lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism, which can directly format OO bond in more effective pathway. The protocol could be spread on rational design of such OER electrocatalysts on various electrode to lower‐cost water splitting.

Microglia are the primary resident retinal macrophages that monitor neuronal activity in real-time and facilitate angiogenesis during retinal development. In certain retinal diseases, the activated microglia promote retinal angiogenesis in hypoxia stress through neurovascular coupling and guide neovascularization to avascular areas (e.g., the outer nuclear layer and macula lutea). Furthermore, continuously activated microglia secrete inflammatory factors and expedite the loss of the blood-retinal barrier which causes irreversible damage to the secondary death of neurons. In this review, we support microglia can be a potential cellular therapeutic target in retinopathy. We briefly describe the relevance of microglia to the retinal vasculature and blood-retinal barrier. Then we discuss the signaling pathway related to how microglia move to their destinations and regulate vascular regeneration. We summarize the properties of microglia in different retinal disease models and propose that reducing the number of pro-inflammatory microglial death and conversing microglial phenotypes from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory are feasible for treating retinal neovascularization and the damaged blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Finally, we suppose that the unique properties of microglia may aid in the vascularization of retinal organoids.