No abstract

vitamin D supplementation, in fallers with vitamin D insufficiency, has a significant beneficial effect on functional performance, reaction time and balance, but not muscle strength. This suggests that vitamin D supplementation improves neuromuscular or neuroprotective function, which may in part explain the mechanism whereby vitamin D reduces falls and fractures.

Results-There was a high prevalence of low bone mineral density (prevalence of T scores <-1.0 from 510/o-77%; T scores <-2-5 (osteoporosis) from 170/o-28%) with hips being more often affected than vertebrae (p<0-001). Reduced bone mineral density did not relate to concurrent or past corticosteroid intake, or type, site, or severity of disease. Whereas calcium homeostasis was normal, bone markers showed increased bone resorption without a compensatory increase in bone formation. Conclusions-The greater prevalence of reduced hip bone mineral density, as opposed to vertebral, mineral density and the pattern of a selective increase in bone resorption contrasts with that found in other known causes of metabolic bone disease. (Gut 1997; 40: 228-233) Keywords: hip bone density, vertebral bone density, inflammatory bowel disease.

ABSTRACT

Efavirenz was associated with severe VDD, a condition associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, and efavirenz and tenofovir with increased ALP. The clinical significance of these findings requires further investigation, given the widespread use of efavirenz and tenofovir in first-line combination antiretroviral therapy.