Lymphoma is a malignant disease with two forms: Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is diagnosed in extranodal sites in 40% of cases, and the head and neck region is the second most affected, with an incidence of 11–33%, while HL has a very low incidence in extranodal sites (1–4%). The aim of this study was to identify the oral manifestations of lymphoma through a systematic literature review, which we conducted using the PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. We found 1456 articles, from which we selected 73. Among the intraoral findings, the most frequent were ulcerations, pain, swelling, and tooth mobility, while the extraoral findings included facial asymmetry and cervical, submandibular, and submental lymphadenopathy. Among the few studies reporting imaging findings, the most cited lesions included hypodense lesions with diffuse boundaries, bone resorptions, and tooth displacements. The publications reviewed highlight gaps in the areas of early detection, diagnosis, and proper treatment.

Clinical guidelines are traditionally drafted by expert consensus. The benefits of mammographic screening have been questioned in recent years, owing to biases detected in the clinical trials that popularized its widespread use. Meanwhile, growing body of evidence on harms associated with mammographic screening also required a new approach, taking into account the uncertainties on the benefits and a balance between the gains and possible harms from screening. This article discusses the development of the new guidelines for early detection of breast cancer in Brazil, with details on the drafting methods and implications for the new recommendations. The new methodology features systematic literature reviews, assessment of the validity of the evidence, and the balance between each intervention's risks and benefits, ensuring greater transparency, reproducibility, and validity in the drafting process. The new guidelines also include recommendations for cases with suspicious signs and symptoms. The authors provide a detailed discussion of the advantages of the approach as compared to the traditional expert consensus model, as well as the methods' limitations and disadvantages. They also address the implications of various decisions, such as choices on study designs, screening effectiveness outcomes, definition of overdiagnosis, and methods for calculation.

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Da série de publicações sobre metodologias utilizadas nos processos de avaliação tecnológica no Brasil, a mais recente é intitulada Diretrizes Metodológicas: Elaboração de Diretrizes Clínicas. Diretrizes clínicas baseadas em evidências contêm recomendações sobre as intervenções que demonstram segurança, eficácia e efetividade, acompanhadas da avaliação dos benefícios e possíveis danos à saúde da população. Esses documentos são elaborados com base em revisões sistemáticas da literatura com qualidade avaliada, em resposta às perguntas relevantes oriundas da prática de atenção à saúde. Sendo assim, um manual torna-se relevante no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) uma vez que a há necessidade de orientar a elaboração e padronizar os formatos apresentados de diretrizes e protocolos clínicos e terapêuticos de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pela Comissão Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias no SUS (Conitec).

Educational interventions among health professionals about post-vaccination adverse events and/or immunization errors.