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Essential oils from aerial parts of Mentha piperita, M. spicata, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare, O. applii, Aloysia triphylla, Ocimum gratissimum, O. basilicum were obtained by steam destillation using a Clevenger-type system. These oils were screened for antibacterial and anti-Candida albicans activity using bioautographic method. Subsequently, minimal inhibitory concentration from oils was determined by microdilution method. Most essential oil studied were effective against Enterococcus faecium and Salmonella cholerasuis. Aloysia triphylla and O. basilicum presented moderate inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus while only A. tryphila and M. piperita were able to control the yeast Candida albicans. The oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS techniques in order to determine the majoritary compounds.

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Endophytic filamentous fungi from coffee plants (Coffea arabica and C. robusta) deposited in the Brazilian Collection of Environmental and Industrial Microorganisms (CBMAI) were characterized taxonomically by using molecular tools and investigated concerning their antimicrobial activity against different human pathogenic bacteria. Thirty-seven out of 39 CBMAI strains investigated were identified to at least at genus level by ITS and rDNA D1/D2 sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Bioactivity screening of fungal extracts against Salmonella choleraesuis (CBMAI 484), Staphylococcus aureus (CBMAI 485), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CBMAI 489) and against four different Escherichia coli serotypes showed that 17 fungi inhibited at least one of the bacteria studied. The endophytic fungi Trichoderma harzianum (CBMAI 43), Guignardia sp. (CBMAI 69) and Phomopsis sp. (CBMAI 164) inhibited from four to five bacterial species, while five fungi were active against all pathogenic bacteria tested and were identified as Aspergillus versicolor (CBMAI 46), Fusarium oxysporum (CBMAI 53), Glomerella sp. (CBMAI 63) and Cladosporium spp. (CBMAI 64 and CBMAI 66). The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for the fungus extracts varied from 0.025 to 1.0 mg ml )1 , demonstrating antimicrobial potential of some of these fungi.