In this publication, we propose metal-polymer hybrid materials as a novel platform for the development of 3 D anode materials for bioelectrochemical systems, such as microbial fuel cells. Extremely low gravimetric density, high porosity, high electric conductivity, and distinct elastic properties are characteristics that are superior for bioelectrochemical applications. As a proof of concept, we investigated copper-melamine foams (Cu-MF) based on a commercially available, open cell melamine foam. With a low amount of copper (16.3 mg cm for Cu-MF ) used for metallization, such electrode material can be manufactured at low price. The Cu-MF sponges are readily colonized by electrochemically active bacteria and are electrochemically stable over an experimental period of more than 75 days. The Cu-MF-biofilm electrodes exhibit volumetric current densities of up to 15.5 mA cm . During long-term operation, overgrowth of the Cu-MF pore structures by the Geobacter-dominated biofilms occurs, from which demands for future electrode developments are derived.

A boron dipyrrin (BODIPY) dye was designed as a molecular single-component electrophore for redox flow batteries. All positions of the BODIPY core were assessed on the basis of literature data, in particular cyclic voltammetry and density functional calculations, and a minimum required substitution pattern was designed to provide solubility, aggregation, radical cation and anion stabilities, a large potential window, and synthetic accessibility. In-depth electrochemical and physical studies of this electrophore revealed suitable cathodic behavior and stability of the radical anion but rapid anodic decomposition of the radical cation. The three products that formed under the conditions of controlled oxidative electrolysis were isolated, and their structures were determined by spectroscopy and comparison with a synthetic model compound. From these structures, a benzylic radical reactivity, initiated by one-electron oxidation, was concluded to play the major role in this unexpected decomposition.