Detection and storage of different light information using electronic devices are important to emulate image information learning and memory functions like the human visual system. In this work, the controllable light‐tunable synaptic memory behaviors are demonstrated utilizing photodetector in series with memristor (composite memristor). In other words, the composite memristor has the detection‐storage function to different light information, realizing visual memory simulation. Herein, a new synaptic device with inherent learning and memory functions is realized based on a pn heterostructure memristor. A depletion‐region width modulation model is proposed to explain the memory characteristics. Several essential synaptic functions are imitated. Further, the visual memory array system is built to accomplish the detection and memory processes of patterned light distribution. Importantly, different light information induces different pattern memory characteristics like human eyes. This composite memristor provides a new idea for wider waveband, greater detection range, and more realistic multifunctional electronic eyes.

Artificial visual memory systems are attracting significant research attention to emulate the basic functions of the human visual system. However, currently, light detection via visual memory systems mainly focuses on ultraviolet light and single wavelength. Herein, a composite memristor (silicon p‐i‐n photodetector in series with p‐NiO/n‐ZnO heterostructure memristor) is designed and its detection–storage function is realized. The photodetector offers a wide range of detection from 300 to 1000 nm. Similar “learning‐experience” behaviors by light stimulation have been exhibited in the composite memristor. Moreover, different illumination wavelengths (350, 500, 650, and 900 nm) can provide different memory currents (ΔW = 2.4, 4.1, 6.6, and 4.9%, respectively), which benefits the detection–storage of different light information for a wide‐range visual memory simulation similar to the human visual system. This composite memristor opens up new avenue for constituting wider waveband versatile electronic eyes even beyond the visible light region.

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