Introduction: The use of illicit drugs is a public health concern. This paper describes the prevalence and factors associated with the use of illicit drugs throughout life among 9th grade students attending public and private schools in daylight period in Brazil. Method: Data from the Brazilian Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) were analyzed. Use of illicit drugs at some point in life was assessed considering marijuana, cocaine, crack, solvent-based glue, ether-based inhalants, ecstasy, and oxy. Data were analized descriptively and by the Poisson's regression model. Results: The use of illicit drugs at least once in life was reported by 9,0% of participants, being more prevalent among girls and associated with alcohol or tobacco use, active sexual life, feeling of loneliness, little or no contact between school and parents, and the experience of familial aggressions. The outcome was inversely associated with close contact with parents and their supervision. Prevalence was higher among participants whose mothers had higher educational levels and had, who had a payed job, and who attended public schools. Discussion: The prevalence of lifetime use of illicit drugs was stable when the three PeNSE samples were compared, but it resulted more common among girls in 2015 for the first time and was associated with the same conditions found in prior studies. Conclusion: Family and school appear to be protective factors, especially when there is direct supervision and care. It is important that both girls and boys are given the same attention when it comes to this this subject.
Objective: to estimate the prevalence of Pap tests not performed in the last three years and never performed in women and to analyze factors. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study with women aged 20 to 69 years living in São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil, in 2015; prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated using Poisson regression. Results: among 919 women, prevalence of delayed testing was 17.8% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]15.4;20.3) and never tested prevalence was 8.1% (95%CI6.3%;9.8%); in the adjusted analysis, the increase in the prevalence of delayed testing was associated with economic class D/E (PR=2.1 -95%CI1.3;3.5), being aged 20-29 years (PR=3.2 -95%CI2.1;4.9) and not having had a medical appointment (PR=3.0 -95%CI2.1;4.1); never having tested was associated with economic class D/E (PR=2.6 -95%CI1.4;5.0), being aged 20-29 years (PR=24.1 -95%CI6.4;90.9), and not having had a medical appointment (PR=2.9 -95%CI1.7;4.8). Conclusion: coverage of the test was high but characterized by social inequality.
Resumo Introdução No Sul do Brasil, a principal causa de mortalidade por neoplasias entre as mulheres está ocupada pelo câncer de mama. O exame clínico anual das mamas está recomendado como medida de rastreamento. Objetivo Investigar a prevalência de não realização do exame clínico de mamas nos últimos 12 meses e fatores associados em mulheres de 20 a 69 anos residentes no município de São Leopoldo/RS em 2015. Método Estudo transversal de base populacional, no qual foram incluídas na análise variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. Foram calculadas as razões de prevalência (RP) por regressão de Poisson. Resultados Entre 1.128 mulheres, a prevalência de não realização de exame clínico das mamas foi de 52,6% (IC95%: 51,1-57,2); na análise ajustada, a não realização do exame mostrou-se associada à classe econômica D/E (RP = 1,58; IC95%: 1,16-2,15) e escolaridade de 0 a 4 anos de estudo (RP = 2,16; IC95%: 1,33-3,53). Conclusão As mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social apresentaram maior probabilidade de não realização do exame, demonstrando a iniquidade do sistema.
O estudo avaliou as propriedades psicométricas da escala EUROHIS-QOL 8-item em adultos brasileiros. O EUROHIS-QOL 8-item é uma medida de qualidade de vida desenvolvida a partir dos instrumentos genéricos WHOQOL-100 e WHOQOL-BREF. A partir dos dados de uma coorte prospectiva com 1.100 adultos participantes da linha de base em 2006 e 2007, foram realizadas análise fatorial exploratória, consistência interna, confiabilidade e validade discriminante por meio da análise multitraço-multimétodo, com o cálculo das variâncias médias extraídas (AVE). A análise fatorial confirmatória foi conduzida com 573 desses participantes nos anos de 2013 a 2018. Foram testadas soluções com um e com dois fatores nomeados capacidade funcional e condições socioeconômicas. Ambas as soluções apresentaram boa consistência interna e confiabilidade. A correlação entre os itens foi de 0,535 e as AVE foram 0,397 para solução com um fator, e 0,528 e 0,341 para os fatores um e dois, respectivamente, indicando boa validade discriminante na solução bifatorial. Os dois fatores tiveram autovalores maiores que um e cargas fatoriais variando de 0,398 a 0,915. O ajustamento da solução unifatorial foi: χ2 = 186 (g.l. = 18), p < 0,001, RMSEA = 0,128 (IC90%: 0,111-0,145), CFI = 0,960, TLI = 0,938 e SMRM = 0,042; enquanto na bifatorial era: χ2 = 135 (g.l. = 17), p < 0,001, RMSEA = 0,110 (IC90%: 0,093-0,128), CFI = 0,972, TLI = 0,954 e SMRM = 0,035. De modo geral, os resultados fornecem evidências razoáveis da validade de construto e confiabilidade do EUROHIS-QOL 8-item. Instrumentos com menor número de itens, como é o caso, proporcionam maior praticidade e são ideais para utilização em estudos de base populacional com uso de amostras extensas.
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