Introduction and objectives:The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of electrostimulation and core exercises on recovery after high-intensity exercise. Methods: The participants of this study consists of 12 male bodybuilders who regularly train and between the ages 18-30. Tabata high intensity interval training (HIIT) was applied with different recovery methods to the athletes on three different days and the recovery levels of athletes were analyzed. Heart rate and blood lactate levels were measured at baseline (PRE) at immediately after the HIIT (POST), at the 1 minutes after HIIT (1min), at the 5 minutes after HIIT (5min), and at the 10 minutes after HIIT (10min). On the rest days, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum creatine kinase (CK) measurements were done to determine the muscle damage. Results: The ingroup comparisons for lactate levels showed no significant difference (p>0,01). The level of lactate on the 10min was found to be significantly lower than the 5min in the core exercise group (p<0,01). Similarly in the electrostimulation group, 10m lactate levels are significantly lower than 5min (p<0,01). There were no statistically significant differences in the heart rate measurements (p<0,01). The results showed no statistically significant difference between the groups although the averages of LDH and CK showed variations (p>0,01). These results show that the lactate level reaches to the maximum level after HIIT, and the level of lactate decreases between the 5th and the 10th minutes. Discussion and conclusion:These indicate that the active recovery methods are more effective than the passive. It was found that the active recovery methods accelerate the lactate removal from the metabolism and provide effective recovery in short time during the recovery period after exercise.

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Spor lisesi öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıklarının incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya, Sinop Şehit Bülent Yalçın Spor Lisesi öğrencilerinden (erkek n=65, kadın n=33) olmak üzere toplam 98 öğrenci katılmıştır. Çalışmada, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen beslenme ve öğünlere ilişkin görüşleri, spor ve beslenmeye yönelik tutumları ve destek ürünü kullanma tutumlarını incelemeye yönelik, 15 maddeden oluşan anket uygulanmıştır. Anketin güvenirliliğini ölçmek için Cronbach Alfa katsayısından yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan güvenirlilik analizi sonucu, Cronbach Alfa katsayısı 0.79 olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular frekans dağılımı ve yüzdeler ile özetlenerek yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmada; spor lisesi öğrencilerinin spor ve beslenme arasındaki ilişkiyi %87.8 bir oranla vurgulamalarına rağmen, beslenme ve öğünlere ilişkin görüşlerinin ve beslenmeye yönelik bilgi düzeylerinin yetersiz olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin %62.2'si okul müfredatında beslenme ile ilgili yeterince bilgi olmadığı görüşündedir. Sonuç olarak spor liselerinde müfredatın gözden geçirilmesinin yanı sıra, sağlıklı ve düzenli beslenmeye yönelik eğitici konferanslar ve bilimsel etkinlikler yapılmalı ve öğrencilerde sağlıklı yaşam ve sporda beslenmeye yönelik bir kültür oluşturulmalıdır.

The aim of this study is to determine Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors of students in the Schools of Physical Education and Sport (SPES) utilizing Body Mass Index (BMI) and other various variables. The study is composed of 1695 students studying in SPES, in 14 different universities across Turkey. It is made up of 1067 male and 624 female students. Data collected, is from both anonymous personal information and a Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-I survey. SPSS 21 was used and analysis obtained is 95% reliant. Examining the difference in status between Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors scores and the BMI group were done according to the Kruskal-Wallis H test, examining the relationship between each BMI group with 6 subscales was done with the Spearman Correlation test. The highest average score of the subscale is Self-Fulfillment (37.25 ± 6.02), while the lowest score of subscale was exercise (13.45 ± 3.06). SPES students with low BMI's were found to have a higher score in the Self-Fulfillment subscale. Recreation Department students scored higher in 4 of the 6 subscales, whereas the 4th grade students scored higher in 5 of the 6 subscales. It has been observed that as the family income and education level increases, there is an increase in the awareness of the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors applied. The findings of the literature have revealed that there is a serious lack of exercise and proper nutrition, and the results for the SPES students observed in this regard were no different. This research supports the need for well-rounded encouragement and support as it pertains to healthy living. Also the students with low BMI's showed higher scores in the subscale of Self-Fulfillment. The students majoring in Recreation received higher scores on several subscales.

This study aims to examine the decision making and thinking styles of volleyball referees in terms of some variables. A total of 91 volleyball referees (51 men and 40 women) in Ankara volunteered to participate in the study. Of the participants, 56 are regional referees while 35 are national referees. The participants were applied rational-experiential thinking styles scale developed by Epstein et al (1996) and adapted into Turkish by Buluş (2000) and decision-making styles scale developed by Scott and Burce (1995) and adapted into Turkish by Taşdelen (2002). It was determined that the data obtained from the study did not show normal distribution according to Shapiro Wilk and Levene tests (p <0.05), therefore, in line with the purposes of the study, the data were analyzed by Mann Whitney U test and Kruskall Wallis test, and the Steel Dwass test was applied to determine the groups from which the difference originated in multiple comparisons. The significance level was accepted as (p <0.05). According to research findings, decision-making styles are significant in terms of gender, age, referee category and experience (years) variables (p<0.05). When the scores of the "cognitive requirement and intuitive belief" subscales of the rational-experiential thinking style scale were examined, significance was determined (p <0.05) in terms of participants' gender, age, referee category and experience variables. Consequently, the research revealed that variables such as gender, age, referee category, and experience had an important impact on the decision-making and rational-experiential thinking styles of volleyball referees.

The aim of the study was to examine the changes in the acute blood lactate levels of elite taekwondo players when carrying out high-intensity interval training on Spinning ® bikes. Twenty elite-level taekwondo athletes participated in the study. The subjects were selected from athletes who had been competitors for at least six years. Their average age, height and weight values were determined to be 18.89±2.07 years, 176.8 ± 8.73 cm and 70.59 ± 12.13 kg respectively. In the present study the subjects carried out high-intensity interval training using Spinning bikes based on the Tabata protocol. The loads were applied as a total of four sets of eight repetitions with the principle of 20 seconds of load followed by 10 seconds of rest with one-minute's rest given between sets. The subjects' lactate levels were measured from their fingers using the Accutrend Lactate portable lactate analyzer with the help of the strips provided. Lactate measurements were made five times: before training (Pre), after Set 1 (1S), after Set 2 (2S), after Set 3 (3S) and once the exercise was over (Post). The heart rates (HR) of the athletes were monitored by their coaches before and during exercise. The data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA in the SPSS 22 package program. A statistically significant difference was found among the baseline lactate levels, the 1S, 2S, 3S and post lactate levels in the study (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference when the 1S lactate level was compared with all the time periods except for 2S (p<0.05). The difference between the 3S and Post lactate levels was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). As a result of the study it was observed that Spinning ® training carried out using the high-intensity interval training method caused a rapid increase in acute lactic acid accumulation. In the case of performance athletes, we can say that this exercise could be part of the lactate tolerance training used to counter fatigue.