ResumoO presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência e determinar os principais fatores associados à infecção pelo vírus da diarréia viral bovina (BVDV) no rebanho bovino dos municípios de Santa Vitória do Palmar e Chuí, na região sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Amostras de soro foram submetidas à prova de soroneutralização e, em cada propriedade avaliada, aplicou-se um questionário epidemiológico para investigar fatores que poderiam estar associados à infecção. As amostras de soro foram coletadas em 85 propriedades, cujos animais apresentavam ou não sinais clínicos de infecção pelo BVDV. Das 1.734 amostras de soro analisadas, 1.150 (66,32%) foram positivas com a detecção de bovinos sorologicamente positivos em 70 (82,35%) propriedades. Dentre os fatores avaliados, exploração mista, criação extensiva, realização de ordenha mecânica, uso de inseminação artificial ou de inseminação artificial associada à monta natural, uso de piquete de parição e ausência de assistência veterinária, apresentaram significância estatística (P<0,05) associada à soropositividade. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a expressiva disseminação do BVDV no rebanho bovino dessa região do Rio Grande do Sul. Palavras-chave: Bovinos, problemas reprodutivos, epidemiologia AbstractThis study was performed in order to estimate the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and to determine the main factors related to the prevalence of the infection in cattle of Santa Vitória do Palmar and Chuí counties, in Rio Grande do Sul State. Sera were submitted to the serum neutralization test and an epidemiological questionnaire was filled out in each herd to investigate variables that could be associated with this infection. The sera samples were collected in 85 farms, with or without clinical signs of BVDV infection. From 1.734 serum samples examined, 1.150 (66.32%) in 70 (82.35%) herds were positive. Variables that were identified as risk factors to seropositivity were mixed (dairy and beef) herds, extensive production, use of mechanical milking, use of artificial insemination or artificial insemination associated with natural service, use of the maternity unit at calving and absence of veterinarian assistance (P<0.05). The results demonstrate the expressive dissemination of the BVDV in cattle of this region in Rio Grande do Sul.
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