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COVID-19 is a worldwide pandemic. Currently, there are a few approved effective antiviral drugs against COV-ID-19. Therefore, an effective way to treat an emerging disease is to use existing medicines, which usually have a safety profile. A large number of compounds are produced from traditional medicinal plants and some of them that have antiviral activity could be used as therapeutics, such as Artemisia annua L. Here, we update the information on the therapeutic effects and possible antiviral mechanisms of A. annua and their derivatives against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection will be updated. The A. annua derivatives might be effective alternatives for COVID-19 treatment. A. annua might act against the SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting its invasion, ACE2, CD147, and TMPRSS2 expression, virus replication, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation by attenuating Nrf2 and NF-kB signaling, and mitigating lung damage in patients with COVID-19. However, clinical effectiveness needs to be demonstrated.

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This article explores how the architecture of neighbourhoods influences interethnic tensions in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods. We found that people of Dutch descent living in apartments in four storey walk-ups in ethnically diverse innercity neighbourhoods seem less likely to feel threatened by ethnic diversity than people living in in similarly diverse suburbs characterized by larger housing blocks featuring inner courtyards and galleries. Further analysis reveals that the residents of these suburbs share various types of semi-public spaces and have competing interests in using them, whereas the residents of inner-city neighbourhoods share fewer semi-public spaces and therefore have more scope to choose when and how to engage in interethnic contact with other residents. We also explore residents’ housing histories and examine differences between people who either have more negative or more positive views on diversity with regard to their active participation in various organizations. This last piece of the puzzle will be used to analyse the potential for both negative and positive messages about ethnic diversity to spread. Based on the empirical findings, we will formulate some building blocks that can help to further explain the level of perceived ethnic tensions in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods.

This article focuses on applications of the colour-blind western-oriented work of the famous psychologists Lazarus and Folkman (1966; 1984) on coping and stress. This is done by taking a closer look at different fields of application such as traumatic events and serious crimes. This exercise yields some preliminary conclusions. Firstly, more tailor-made process research into 'types' of stressful life events and how to deal with them is desirable. This article contains an example of this, namely traumatic events and serious crimes. My assumption is that serious crime (Steinmetz, 1990) creates a distorted view of the victim's self, the victim experience and the environment. A second important lesson is that it is far from desirable to rely on one's own strength or resources, on that of family and friends and on victim support (secondary appraisal). The main cause is that western governments and institutions do not serve people with worries and suffering; in fact, They even backfire because governments and institutions distrust citizens. Furthermore, this article looked at the contribution of positive psychology to coping and stress. The good news is that people can also learn from miserable experiences and benefit from them for the rest of their lives. Secondly, from this critical position, we examined how coping and stress manifest in collectivist non-Western countries. In the collectivised non-Western world, the human being and her/his gestalt try to find balance through coping and stress. That balance has to be seen from the perspective of the interdependence of a person with his/her extended family, ancestors, gods and spirits, earth and cosmos. This has implications for what Folkman (1966 and 1984) call primary and secondary appraisal. Finally, a look at neurology was also taken, with the core question of whether neurology provides support for the process-oriented coping models of Lazarus and Folkman. The outcome is yes, for primary appraisal, with the caveat that the area for visual images in the brain lights up and the speech centre is switched off. After all, victims of severe traumatic events relive the images of when the severe trauma occurred and often have no words for what exactly happened at the core of the traumatic experience.